赭曲霉毒素A对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展

霉菌毒素污染是影响动物饲料安全的重要因素。赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）广泛存在于肉鸡饲料原料中。众多研究表明,OTA对肉鸡具有肾毒性、肝毒性、细胞毒性、遗传毒性、致癌性、致畸性、免疫毒性和肠道毒性等,给肉鸡养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,也对动物和人类的健康造成威胁。对国内外OTA研究进展进行总结归纳,从诱导机体产生肠毒性、肝毒性、肾毒性和免疫毒性四方面阐述OTA对肉鸡的致毒机制,为深入研究OTA提供参考。     

大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子研究进展

大肠埃希菌多重抗生素耐药主要是由多重耐药调节基因和外输泵共同作用产生的。大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子是广泛存在于肠杆菌科细菌染色体上的抗生素多重耐药调节中心,是大肠埃希菌耐药的主要组成部分。为解决多重抗生素耐药问题,很多专家和学者对大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子和外输泵的耐药机制进行了深入的研究,研究开发多重抗生素耐药基因消除剂和外输泵抑制剂,或增加外输泵抑制基因的表达,将成为从根本上解决多重抗生素耐药问题的最好方法。文章对大肠埃希菌AcrAB、AcrAB-Tolc,Mar和膜孔蛋白Ompf、Ompc等多重抗生素耐药调节子的组成、功能及其影响因素进行了综述。     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

Isolation and Identification of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Immune Efficacy of Its Inactivated Vaccine

This study was aimed to isolate a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and prepare a PEDV inactivated vaccine with high valence by suspension culture process for immunizing against PEDV effectively in China.200 small intestines and theirs contents of diarrhea piglets died of diarrhea,collected from many large-scale pig farms in China,were detected by RT-PCR and sequenced,a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus was selected and put on the suspension-cultured Vero cells in a 2 L reactor for virus isolation and continuous cell culture,the harvested virus suspension,which was identified and determined TCID₅₀,was inactivated by formaldehyde and mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant to prepare PEDV inactivated vaccine.After its physical behavior,stability viscosity,sterility test were checked out,the safety and immune efficacy were studied by immunizing the pregnant pigs and theirs piglets.The results were as follows:86 samples were detected positive in 200 samples,cytopathy occurred after the mutant strain samples screened were passaged to 5th generation,the virus suspension was harvested in 10th generation and identified as a mutant strain of PEDV,named PEDV-GF10 strain.The virus titer of harvested virus suspension was measured up to 1×10^8.0 TCID₅₀/mL after concentrated.After the vaccine was checked out,the sows,40 and 25 days before delivery in experimental groups,were injected into Xuehai acupoint with 4 mL vaccine and the pigs in blank group were free of immunifications.The results showed that there were no obvious differences in the production status of the sows in experimental groups and blank group and the temperature of theirs 3-day-old healthy piglets injected different doses of vaccine,and the vaccine was safe to the sows and piglets.Forty 3-day-old piglets producted by pregnant sows in experimental groups and blank group were randomly selected and taken 4 mL 1×10^8.0TCID₅₀/mL F10 virus culture.The PEDV morbidity of piglets in blank group was 100% after injection and the antibodies were negative;10% piglets in blank group had mild diarrhea symptoms,the protection rate was up to 90%,antibody of passive immunity in piglets lasted for more than 35 days.Virus titer of mutant strain of PEDV-GF10 improved a lot by suspension cell culture,the PEDV-GF10 inactivated vaccine was safe,and could effectively prevent and control the variation strain of PEDV in China.     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

中医药学和动物营养学理论在饲料添加剂生产应用中若干问题的讨论

随着人们对畜产品安全意识的不断加强,饲用抗生素与部分化学药物添加剂被禁用已成必然趋势。中草药素有“绿色药物”之称谓,我国政府也在积极推进中药现代化。在这种科技发展形势下,如何在饲料添加剂研究与中医药学的交叉中寻求切入点是一个新的课题。本文从中医理论与现代动物营养学的基本概念与特点出发,结合我国中药资源的现状,就中医药学与动物营养学在学科结合中的问题进行了探讨。     

不同前处理对测定甜高粱茎秆汁液3种糖含量的影响

茎秆含糖量是甜高粱（Sorghum dochna）重要的农艺性状,其可溶性糖的组分与含量的测定,是甜高粱QTL定位和性状改良的前提。本研究以粒用高粱的‘忻粱52’与甜高粱‘W452’重组自交系F8代255个群体为材料,采用改良蒽酮比色法来测定蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量。结果表明：可溶性总糖的最佳显色时间为10 min,显色温度为100℃;测定蔗糖的最佳处理条件为1 mol·L^-1的KOH溶液处理10 min;果糖测定的最佳显色温度为50℃,显色时间为3 min。优化过后的蒽酮比色法能测得较稳定的数值,精密度和稳定性较好,可用于测定甜高粱汁液的糖含量。重组自交系后代糖锤度与可溶性糖总量之间呈极显著正相关关系（P <0.01）,相关系数为0.885,线性回归方程为y=37.082×可溶性糖总量+3.990。     

盐碱胁迫对野生大豆种子萌发的影响

目的 探讨不同盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发的影响,为优质野生大豆种质资源的开发利用提供参考。方法 分别利用NaCl溶液（20、40、80、120 mmol/L）、Na₂SO₄溶液（10、20、30、40 mmol/L）、Na₂CO₃溶液（20、40、60、120 mmol/L）对野生大豆种子进行盐碱胁迫处理,以不做盐碱胁迫的处理为对照组（CK）。每种溶液每个浓度设置3个重复,每个重复50粒种子。测定并比较3种溶液处理下野生大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对伤害率,以及幼苗的根长、苗长。结果 用NaCl溶液处理野生大豆种子时,80 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随NaCl浓度增加而降低,80、120 mmol/L处理组根长、苗长显著（P<0.05）低于20、40 mmol/L处理组。用Na₂SO₄溶液处理野生大豆种子时,30 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随Na₂SO₄浓度增加而降低,10 mmol/L处理组野生大豆的根长及苗长最长,与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。用Na₂CO₃溶液处理野生大豆种子时,随Na₂CO₃浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈逐渐降低趋势,相对伤害率呈逐渐升高趋势;120 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均为0,相对伤害率为100%;20 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论 低浓度盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发指标影响较小,弱碱、中性盐在一定浓度内可以促进其萌发;不同浓度盐碱胁迫均对野生大豆幼苗生长性状有影响,浓度越高,伤害越大。     

金银花、连翘及其药对对马链球菌马亚种耐药基因和毒力基因的影响

【目的】 研究金银花、连翘及金银花-连翘药对(金银花-连翘1∶1)对北疆地区携带fneB毒力基因的马链球菌马亚种(Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, SEE)耐药基因和毒力基因的影响。【方法】 首先对1 g/mL的金银花、连翘及金银花-连翘药对(金银花-连翘1∶1)水提物进行中药配比浓度梯度试验, 然后与携带fneB毒力基因的L1菌株、lytA+fneB+ply毒力基因的D1菌株和qnrA+bla_TEM+fneB基因的Y1菌株3种SEE菌株共培养, 检测中药对SEE菌株耐药基因bla_TEM、qnrA及毒力基因ply、fneB的影响; 将192只SPF级昆明小鼠均分为16组: 空白对照组(生理盐水)、金银花组、连翘组、金银花-连翘1∶1组、阴性对照组(Y1、L1和D1菌株组)及3种菌株分别与金银花、连翘和金银花-连翘1∶1共培养组, 各组药物或菌液经腹腔注射0.5 mL进行小鼠体内抑菌试验, 检测药物对小鼠的致病性和fneB毒力基因的影响。【结果】 中药最适配比浓度为中药水提物∶THB培养基∶待测菌液(D_{600 nm}值均为0.6)为1 000 μL∶500 μL∶20 μL; 与中药水提取物共培养的3株SEE菌株均未检出耐药基因和毒力基因, 且菌株形态结构均未发生改变。小鼠致病性试验结果显示, 阴性对照组的小鼠成活率分别为16.7%、8.3%和0;而L1+连翘、L1+金银花共培养组小鼠存活率分别为83.3%、75.0%, 金银花-连翘1∶1药对与3株SEE菌株共培养组小鼠成活率分别为41.7%、16.7%、50.0%;小鼠病理解剖结果显示, 除接种SEE菌株的小鼠肝脏肿大淤血、边缘钝圆外, 其余各组肝脏均正常。小鼠体内fneB毒力基因检测结果显示, Y1+金银花、Y1+连翘、Y1+金银花-连翘1∶1、L1+金银花、L1+金银花-连翘1∶1、D1+金银花、D1+连翘、D1+金银花-连翘组均携带fneB毒力基因, L1+连翘组未检出fneB毒力基因, 表明小鼠体内SEE菌株有重新获得fneB毒力基因的能力, 出现菌种反毒复壮, 其机制有待进一步研究。【结论】 金银花、连翘及金银花-连翘药对能够减弱SEE菌株的毒力基因和耐药基因, 从而对马腺疫疾病的防治具有指导意义, 为减抗、替抗提供理论支撑。     

犬埃立克体实验模型初步研究

将犬埃立克体标准毒株（Florida株）体外细胞纯培养物和我国犬埃立克体病病犬血白细胞分别接种于C3H小鼠，接毒后d，经PCR检测证实均感染成功。本试验为犬埃立克体病小动物模型的建立打下了基础。