Voyager 2: energetic ions and electrons in the jovian magnetosphere

The Voyager 2 encounter has enhanced our understanding of earlier results and provided measurements beyond 160 Jupiter radii (R(J)) in the magnetotail. Significant fluxes of energetic sulfur and oxygen nuclei (4 to 15 million electron volts per nucleon) of Jovian origin were observed inside 25 R(J), and the gradient in phase space density at 12 R(J) indicates that the ions are diffusing inward. A substantially longer time delay versus distance was found for proton flux maxima in the active hemisphere in the magnetotail at Jovicentric longitudes lambda(III), = 260 degrees to 320 degrees than in the inactive hemisphere at lambda(III), = 85 degrees to l10 degrees . These delays can be related to the radial motion of plasma expanding into the magnetotail, and differences in the expansion speeds between the active and inactive hemispheres can produce rarefaction regions in trapped particles. It is suggested that the 10-hour modulation of interplanetary Jovian electrons may be associated with the arrival at the dawn magnetopause of a rarefaction region each planetary rotation.     

鸡转移因子的制备及应用研究 Ⅱ.对细胞免疫及体液免疫的影响

用淋巴细胞转移试验监测细胞免疫效果,用血凝抑制试验监测体液免疫效果。结果证明,注射鸡转移因子的实验组与注射生理盐水的对照组,其细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有显著差异(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05)。说明鸡转移因子具有良好的生物活性,对T细胞免疫和B细胞免疫都具积极作用,可促进机体产生良好的免疫效果,增强机体的免疫功能。     

Phenolic constituents from the leaves of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes gracilis

Plumbagin, isoshinanolone, epishinanolone, shinanolone, quercetin and kaempferol were isolated from the leaves of Nepenthes gracilis. Spectral data of shinanolone are presented.     

Distribution of aflatoxin in almonds. 2. Distribution in almonds with heavy insect damage

The aflatoxin distribution function in individual insect-damaged NePlus Ultra almonds was determined and found to be the sum of two distributions. Substantially all almonds exhibited a positive aflatoxin level between 0.02 ng/g (the detection level) and 0.3 ng/g, the precise form of this distribution depending on the lot studied. In addition, 1/1000 of the nuts showed contamination between 60 and 600 000 ng/g, independent of the lot. The latter distribution showed a smooth decrease with log concentration in this range, with no evidence of a minimum, as had been found previously for pistachios. No distribution data between 0.3 and 60 ng/g could be obtained. The distribution below 0.3 ng/g was assigned to contamination during post-harvest storage. The distribution above 60 ng/g was tentatively assigned to navel orange worm damage occurring when insects enter the kernel during split hulls late in the growing season. Considerable additional work will be required to verify these assignments.     

Squalene content and antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa leaves and seeds

Squalene was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) spiking analyses in the supercritical CO(2) extracts of freeze-dried abscisic leaves of Terminalia catappa L. When the freeze-dried abscisic, senescent, mature, and immature leaves and seeds were subjected to supercritical CO(2) extraction at 40 degrees C and 3000 psi and HPLC quantitation, squalene contents were 12.29, 2.42, 1.75, 0.9, and 0% in the extracts and corresponding to 1499, 451, 210, 65, and 0 microg/g in the freeze-dried sample, respectively. When the extracts were applied for antioxidative characterization by supplementation in an iron/ascorbate system with linoleic acid and in a pork fat storage system for inhibition of conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CDHP) formation or in a free radical scavenging system with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), the extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidative and DPPH scavenging activities and increased with an increase of leaf maturity. However, the seed extracts only exhibited potent inhibition of CDHP formation and very low DPPH scavenging activity.     

Rapid prediction of solid wood lignin content using transmittance near-infrared spectroscopy

A rapid transmittance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method has been developed to characterize the lignin content of solid wood. Using simple, multiple regression, and partial least-squares statistical analysis the lignin contents of wood wafers, taken from increment cores, and synthetic wood, prepared by blending milled wood lignin and holocellulose, were compared and quantified. Strong correlations were obtained between the predicted NIR results and those obtained from traditional chemical methods. In addition to the experimental protocol and method development, NIR results from wood samples with different particle sizes and various lignin contents are discussed.     

Correlations between pulp properties of eucalyptus clones and leaf volatiles using automated solid-phase microextraction

Analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) of 14 Eucalyptus clones has been performed using an automated headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography (GC)/ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) method. Correlations between pulp properties of Eucalyptus clones and the BVOC of their leaf headspaces were studied. The compounds alpha-terpineol and the sesquiterpene beta-eudesmol were positively correlated with S5, a property related to the hemicelluose content in the pulp. Qualitative results obtained with automated HS-SPME were sufficient to group together the same species and related hybrids through cluster analysis and were confirmed through principal component analysis. A preliminary separation of the essential oils of Eucalyptus dunnii through comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) showed approximately 580 peaks compared to approximately 60 in a typical GC/ITMS first-dimension chromatogram. The potential of HS-SPME coupled to GC x GC to improve the separation of Eucalyptus volatiles and other plant essential oils looks extremely promising for new applications of unsupervised learning methods.     

《兽医病理学网络课程》多媒体教学软件的研制和应用

介绍了<兽医病理学网络课程>多媒体教学软件的主要内容、基本特点和研制、开发情况,总结了本软件在教学实践中的应用效果,并对教学软件开发中应注意的问题进行了分析.