浅谈居住环境的生态设计

当人们逐渐意识到自然的重要性时,"生态的景观"成为迫切的需求.在人居环境的设计中,设计师的首要任务就是让自然、宜居的景观回到居者身边.本文以水、空气、植被、铺装、构筑物五个元素为主题,探讨生态设计在居住区环境设计中的应用.     

哈巴雪山自然保护区种子植物区系特征研究

以2008年云南哈巴雪山自然保护区综合科学考察项目的野外调查资料为基础,按照吴征镒对中国种子植物属的分布型的划分标准,对哈巴雪山自然保护区种子植物区系科、属、种进行统计分析。结果表明,哈巴雪山自然保护区具有种子植物120科555属1 633种,包括中国种子植物属的15个分布类型和20个变型。除世界分布科外,泛热带分布型和北温带分布型科是保护区植物的重要组成部分。其中,热带分布158属,温带分布322属,中国特有19属,分别占非世界广布属的31.66%、64.53%和3.81%。哈巴雪山保护区植物区系含温带区系性质,具有丰富的物种多样性,反映了哈巴雪山种子植物区系来源的广泛性与复杂性。     

树莓在贵阳地区引种栽培情况初报

2000年从中国林科院森林生态环境研究所引种树莓2个系列6个品种。经比较，有4个品种值得在贵州推广。其果实在6月上中旬成熟，单果平均重6.2g，可溶性固形物含量平均10.3%，味酸甜，风味独特，适应性广。     

Effects of flooding stress on the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves of two Physocarpus cultivars

We applied under pot-culture conditions and the double-casing pot method to study the characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of Physocarpus amurensis Maxim(PA) and Physocarpus opulifolius under flooding stress.Our results indicate a significantly higher flooding tolerance of P.opulifolius compared to P.amurensis.Especially in P.amurensis, the limitation of non-stomatal factors played a major role in the advanced stages of flooding stress,observed as a rapid increase of the intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) and a decrease of the stomatal limitation value(L_s).The maximal PSII photochemical efficiencies(F_v/F_m) and actual photochemical efficiency(?_(PSII)) in the leaves of P.opulifolius were significantly higher, and the extent of decrease during the flooding process was smaller than in P.amurensis.In addition, the non-chemical quenching(NPQ) in the leaves of P.opulifolius significantly increased from the 10 th day under flooding stress,while the variation of NPQ in the leaves of P.amurensis was much smaller.This indicates that the leaves of P.opulifolius had not only higher PSII photochemical activity, but also improved tolerance to flooding stress, which may be caused by its ability to dissipate excess excitation energy by starting NPQ.At the 16 th day under flooding stress, the PIABSsignificantly decreased with greater extent of decrease than F_v/F_m in the leaves of both Physocarpus,but the decreasing extent of PIABSin P.opulifolius was significantly smaller than in P.amurensis.In the 16 th day under flooding stress, the fluorescence at J and I point(V_J and V_I) in P.amurensis were significantly higher, and the extent of increase in V_J was greater than V_I.However, the variations of V_Jand V_I in the leaves of P.opulifolius were smaller, suggesting that the damage sites of flooding stress to PSII in the leaves of P.amurensis were mainly located in the electron transport process from Q_A at the PSII receptor side to Q_B.Flooding stress reduced the proportion(φ Eo) of luminous energy absorbed by the PSII reaction center for the electron transport following Q_A~-, while the maximum quantum yield(φ Do) of non-photochemical quenching increased.However, the TR_o/RC and ETo/RC in the leaves of P.amurensis decreased accompanied by a dramatic increase of energy(DI_o/RC) from the dissipation in the reaction center.This further indicated that the function of the PSII reaction center in the leaves of P.amurensis was significantly lower than in P.opulifolius.     

Anti-inflammatory, antiviral and quantitative study of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide in Polygonum perfoliatum L

Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, isolated from Polygonum perfoliatum L., was evaluated by antiviral efficacy against influenza A virus and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in mouse, and it was used for quality evaluation of P. perfoliatum L.. In vivo study, oral administration of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide significantly suppressed ear edema induced by dimethyl benzene and peritoneal permeability induced by acetic acid in mice, and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide also showed to possess inhibitory activity against influenza A virus (FLUAV). In the present study, additionally, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for quantitative analysis of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide in P. perfoliatum L. was developed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection. The separation was carried out on a Lichrosher-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) together with a C18 guard column at isocratic elution systems of methanol (A) and 0.05% aqueous phosphoric acid (B) (43:57, v/v) with detection wavelength at 258 nm and column temperature at 30 °C. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and robustness. The contents of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide in 28 samples from different regions of China were between 0.06% and 2.09%. The developed analytical method was applied to investigate P. perfoliatum L. and for quality control of the herb.     

河滨带生态恢复研究进展

河滨带是重要的水陆交错区,具有一系列独特的性质和生态服务功能。由于自然环境变化以及人类的过度开发,全球范围内河滨带受到严重破坏。鉴于其在河流保护与生态服务等方面的重要作用,近几十年来得到广泛关注,也取得了一些研究成果。文中介绍了河岸湿地的定义及其退化状况,并从恢复物种多样性、改善土壤状况、水文恢复3个方面综述了国内外河滨带生态恢复研究进展,在此基础上分析现今研究存在的问题,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。     

马尾松林在湖北省森林生态服务中的地位与作用

本文以湖北省2009年森林资源二类清查数据为基础数据,结合野外调查实测数据和公开发表的文献数据,采用国家林业局颁布的林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721-2008),对湖北省不同森林类型的生态服务功能及价值进行了评估,以期探讨马尾松林在湖北省森林资源中的重要作用。结果表明:湖北省马尾松林生态系统服务功能总价值985.5亿元·a^-1,各类别服务价值顺序为:固碳释氧(363.7亿元·a^-1)>生物多样性保护(256.2亿元·a^-1)>涵养水源(149.0亿元·a^-1)>净化大气环境(112.9亿元·a^-1)>保育土壤(79.5亿元·a^-1)>积累营养物质(24.2亿元·a^-1)。湖北省马尾松林面积占湖北省所有森林面积的24.3%,在不考虑提供负离子和物种保育价值的前提下其生态服务价值为728.8亿元·a^-1,占湖北省森林生态服务总价值的27.3%,远大于其他林分类型(栎类13.0%,灌木林12.6%,其他硬阔叶林11.5%,阔叶混交9.5%,杨类5.1%,其他针叶纯林4.4%,杉木4.0%,针阔混交3.6%,其他软阔叶林2.4%,竹林1.5%,针叶混交林0.4%,经济林0.3%)的生态服务价值。马尾松单位面积生态服务价值为32699.1元·hm^-2·a^-1,高于杨类、栎类、软阔叶林、阔叶混交林、经济林、竹林和灌木林的单位面积生态服务价值。湖北省马尾松林的生态服务价值主要体现在固碳释氧、生物多样性保护和涵养水源价值上。因此,应当加强对马尾松林的保护和科学管理,以发挥其作为重要造林树种的生态服务功能。     

24个种源文冠果在新疆的生长结实性状分析

为了给文冠果优良单株选择和品种选育提供参考,以引进的24个文冠果种源为材料,在新疆石河子地区对文冠果生长结实性状进行变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。结果表明:在参试种源中,生长指标地径变异系数最大(21.9%),叶长变异系数最小(13.1%),结实性状中总果数变异最大(74.3%),种子纵径变异最小(14.3%)。单株产量与总果数、干果质量、种子横径、种子纵径呈极显著正相关(P <0.01),与鲜果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、小叶数呈显著正相关(P <0.05)。在主成分分析中,共提取3个主成分,累计贡献率达到86.053%。聚类分析结果显示,可将参试的24个种源分为5类。第1类为G-9种源,属于产量最高等级;第2类为坤156种源,处于较高产量水平;第3类为Q-2等种源,处于中等产量等级;第4类为G-23和建2种源,位于较低产量水平;第5类为BD-7等种源,位于最低产量水平。24个文冠果种源中以产量水平最低的第5类居多,产量水平差异较大。     

杜仲,农作物,蔬菜立体栽培结构的研究

对杜仲、农作物、蔬菜（简称“杜农蔬”）立体栽培作了研究,提出了平原农区适宜的立体栽培模式及与此配套的良种壮苗和栽培技术措施,并分析了立体栽培模式对小气候的影响。     

三倍体毛白杨的木材构造与材性的研究

对三倍体毛白杨的木材构造特征、纤维形态、基本密度进行了观察记载和测定，发现其生长轮宽度达2.5～3.0cm，纤维平均长度大于同年轮的其它杨木，基本密度小于毛白杨成熟材，木纤维的含量较高，同时纤维的壁腔比较小，所以三倍体毛白杨是一种较好的造纸和纤维工业原料。