盐碱胁迫对野生大豆种子萌发的影响

目的 探讨不同盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发的影响,为优质野生大豆种质资源的开发利用提供参考。方法 分别利用NaCl溶液（20、40、80、120 mmol/L）、Na₂SO₄溶液（10、20、30、40 mmol/L）、Na₂CO₃溶液（20、40、60、120 mmol/L）对野生大豆种子进行盐碱胁迫处理,以不做盐碱胁迫的处理为对照组（CK）。每种溶液每个浓度设置3个重复,每个重复50粒种子。测定并比较3种溶液处理下野生大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对伤害率,以及幼苗的根长、苗长。结果 用NaCl溶液处理野生大豆种子时,80 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随NaCl浓度增加而降低,80、120 mmol/L处理组根长、苗长显著（P<0.05）低于20、40 mmol/L处理组。用Na₂SO₄溶液处理野生大豆种子时,30 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随Na₂SO₄浓度增加而降低,10 mmol/L处理组野生大豆的根长及苗长最长,与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。用Na₂CO₃溶液处理野生大豆种子时,随Na₂CO₃浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈逐渐降低趋势,相对伤害率呈逐渐升高趋势;120 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均为0,相对伤害率为100%;20 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论 低浓度盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发指标影响较小,弱碱、中性盐在一定浓度内可以促进其萌发;不同浓度盐碱胁迫均对野生大豆幼苗生长性状有影响,浓度越高,伤害越大。     

不同日龄滩羊皮肤组织化学特征比较

为比较2、35日龄滩羊皮肤毛囊的发育特点与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2）的分布特征,探究出生后滩羊被毛生长发育的变化特点,试验应用常规HE染色及改良Masson胶原纤维染色、Gomori银氨法染色、磷钨酸染色等特殊染色观察2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织结构特点;应用免疫组织化学法结合免疫荧光染色法观察VEGF及VEGFR2在2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的分布定位,并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示：与2日龄滩羊皮肤组织比较,35日龄滩羊表皮与真皮间界限更加清晰,毛囊结构发育完整;毛囊密度显著降低（P<0.05）;胶原纤维与弹性纤维含量增加,形成网格状分布。免疫组化及免疫荧光结果显示,VEGF及VEGFR2在滩羊皮肤表皮及毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺上均有表达。统计表明,VEGF及VEGFR2在2日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的表达量均显著高于35日龄（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,滩羊毛囊发育过程中,胶原纤维和弹性纤维增加明显;VEGF与VEGFR2通路在毛囊角质形成中起直接调节作用。     

低浓度阿奇霉素对猪链球菌2型蛋白表达、荚膜多糖与药物敏感性的影响

本研究通过探索低浓度阿奇霉素对猪链球菌2型蛋白表达、荚膜多糖与药物敏感性的影响,为进一步研究环境中低浓度抗生素对微生物的影响奠定基础。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,利用蛋白质组学iTRAQ技术,筛选关键差异表达蛋白。同时测定猪链球菌2型的荚膜多糖含量和药物敏感性。结果显示,共鉴定到差异表达蛋白174个,占总鉴定蛋白的11.6%,多数差异表达蛋白参与催化和代谢过程,属于膜蛋白,其中,3个荚膜多糖蛋白、9个ABC转运蛋白、1个50 S核糖体蛋白、1个核糖体RNA甲基转移酶、1个DNA回旋酶上调表达;8个荚膜多糖蛋白、4个50S核糖体蛋白、4个30S核糖体蛋白、1个核糖体RNA甲基转移酶、1个DNA聚合酶IV下调表达。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,发现其对多种抗生素的敏感性降低,存活下来的菌株,恢复正常培养后,药物敏感性恢复。用低浓度阿奇霉素处理猪链球菌2型,荚膜多糖含量也未发生大幅度变化。猪链球菌2型通过改变自身蛋白质组的表达量,以适应低浓度阿奇霉素的选择压力。与低浓度阿奇霉素共存时,猪链球菌2型开启外排泵系统,会增加细菌产生多重耐药的风险。     

五台山高山、亚高山草甸植物种分布的环境梯度分析和种组划分

通过野外植被调查,结合景观尺度生境因子的测定与模拟,运用CCA排序分析研究区内高山、亚高山草甸地段植物物种分布与环境因子之间的定量关系,综合TWINSPAN分类结果对五台山高寒草甸植物种进行了生态种组划分。结果表明：1)五台山的高山、亚高山草甸分布地段,温度和太阳辐射是控制着草甸植物种分布的关键因子;2)依据草甸物种在CCA排序图上的分布位置,划分出高山冷干型、高山冷湿型、亚高山典型种、亚高山凉干型、亚高山凉湿型、山地暖干型和山地暖湿型几类物种,可以较好地指示研究区的生境特征;3)TWINSPAN划分结果与CCA 划分的生态种组比较吻合。     

溶菌酶、海藻酸钠与壳聚糖复配溶液对油桃的保鲜效果

以油桃为试材,采用溶菌酶、海藻酸钠和壳聚糖复配保鲜液对油桃进行保鲜处理,通过测定失重率、腐烂指数、感官品质、呼吸强度、可溶性糖及维生素C含量等指标,研究保鲜液对油桃的保鲜效果,以期为油桃的实际贮藏和天然保鲜剂的运用提供实践参考。结果表明:在室温下,复配保鲜液1.0%的壳聚糖、0.07%的溶菌酶和1.0%的海藻酸钠对油桃保鲜效果最好,能有效延缓失重率的上升及可溶性糖、维生素C含量的下降,降低了果实腐烂指数及呼吸强度。     

台湾泥鳅死亡致病菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为确定捕捞转场后造成台湾泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp.Taiwan）死亡的病原,本试验对台湾泥鳅进行病理解剖、病原分离。对分离菌进行形态学观察、生理生化特性测定及16S rDNA基因测序鉴定,并进行人工感染试验、药敏试验。结果显示,从泥鳅肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及肠道组织中分离到形态一致的优势菌株,经纯化保存,命名为XJC。菌株XJC葡萄糖发酵、D-葡萄糖、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸及尿素利用阳性,其他所测生化指标均为阴性,与摩氏摩根菌（Morganella morganii）一致;16S rDNA基因序列与摩氏摩根菌相似性达99.6%,被鉴定为摩氏摩根菌。感染试验结果表明,菌株XJC对台湾泥鳅具有致病性,被感染的泥鳅出现了肠道充血典型病理变化。从发病泥鳅体内分离到与菌株XJC一致的菌株,可以判定菌株XJC是泥鳅病原菌。药敏试验结果表明,菌株XJC对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类及第三代头孢类药物表现出敏感,对四环素、青霉素、红霉素、多肽类、呋喃唑酮、洁霉素及第一、第二代头孢类药物均等表现耐药,生产中可选用氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类药物进行摩氏摩根菌疾病的防治。本试验结果可为台湾泥鳅摩氏摩根菌病诊断和防治提供参考。     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

Antisense c-myc sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis

AIM: To down-regulate expression of c-myc through antisense therapy and to investigate its effect on the sensitivity of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus (Ad-Asc-myc) encoding antisense c-myc fragment was constructed and transfected into osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro in order to down-regulate the expression of c-myc, and the change in the sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis was observed. MTT, Western blot, RT-PCR, flow cytometry (FCM) and electron microscope were used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation in vitro, genes expression related to apoptosis regulation and effects on the sensitivity of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. RESULTS: Ad-Asc-myc down-regulated the expression of c-myc protein after transfected MG-63 cells for 48 h, combined with the treatment of 2.0 mg/L cisplatin for 2 h inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vitro by 38.0%. RT-PCR revealed that Ad-Asc-myc down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of Bax. No appreciable change was observed in the expression of E2F-1. FCM showed that Ad-Asc-myc induced apoptosis in intransfected cells, and rendered it more sensitive to cisplatin. CONCLUSION: Antisense c-myc is able per se to induce apoptosis and sensitize osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.     

优质晚熟葡萄新品种‘钟山红’

 ‘钟山红’葡萄是从‘魏可’实生系中选育而成的晚熟新品种。树势强旺,成花容易,晚果丰产,果实挂树时间长,耐贮运,抗病性中等,适应性强。果穗圆锥形,平均单穗质量600 g,果粒为长椭圆形,平均单粒质量9.53 g,果皮紫黑色,果肉致密硬脆,味甜爽口,风味独特,品质上等,可溶性固形物含量22% ~ 23%,最高达25%,酸含量0.44% ~ 0.65%,果实完全成熟期在9月中下旬。     

Enhancement effect of adenovirus mediated antisense c-myc gene and caffeine on chemotherapy of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin

AIM: The cancer biology has showed that overexpression of oncogenes is responsible for the progression of human malignancies,antisense technology can block a certain gene expression.Caffeine has enhancement effect on chemotherapy of osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin,we constructed the recombinant adenovirus (Ad-Asc-myc) encoding antisense c-myc fragment and investigated its effect on the in vitro sensitivity of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to cisplatin.METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus (Ad-Asc-myc) encoding antisense c-myc fragment was constructed by cloning c-myc cDNA of about 750 base pairs in a reverse direction into adenovirus vector.Ad-Asc-myc and caffeine was used respectively or together to co-operate with cisplatin to treat the osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro,and Western blotting,MTT,flow cytometry (FCM),electron microscope were used to evaluate expression of c-Myc protein,tumor cell proliferation in vitro,apoptosis and cell cycle analysis.RESULTS: Ad-Asc-myc was obtained with the titer of 2×10¹² pfu/L.Ad-Asc-myc down-regulated the expression of c-Myc protein,Ad-Asc-myc or caffeine enhanced the effects of 2.0,5.0 mg/L cisplatin on MG-63 cells.Moreover,Ad-Asc-myc combined with caffeine significantly enhanced this effects,not only on cisplatin-induced apoptosis,but also on tumor cells proliferation in vitro.The expression of bcl-2 was downregulated,bax were upregulated,while there was no change in the expression of E2F-1.FCM analysis showed that cisplatin treatment induced a block in S phase,and caffeine reversed this block and speeded up the progression of cells out of the S phase.Ad-Asc-myc induced obvious G₂/M phase arrest in transfected cells.CONCLUSION: Ad-Asc-myc combined with caffeine may enhance apoptosis-induced and chemotherapy effects of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to cisplatin.