板翅换热器平直翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

对11种不同结构参数的紧凑式板翅换热器平直翅片的传热和流动阻力进行了试验研究,分析比较平直翅片间距、翅片高度、翅片长度对其传热和流动阻力的影响。结果表明,翅片间距对传热和流动阻力影响较小,而翅片长度和高度对其传热和流动阻力有重要影响。同时对11种翅片的220个试验数据点进行了j因子和f因子的试验关联式拟合,拟合关联式的误差范围为±10%。     

云南某农村猪戊型肝炎病毒分子流行病学调查

目的了解昆明市某猪场戊型肝炎病毒感染情况,进一步探究病毒基因型及分子进化情况,为戊型肝炎防控提供参考。方法从该猪场随机采集39份新鲜粪便,用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应对HEV ORF2部分基因片段扩增、克隆及测序;应用生物信息学软件进行同源性分析并构建系统进化树。结果PCR检测结果发现：该猪场核酸阳性率达35.9% (14/39)。同源性分析结果表明：14株流行毒株核苷酸序列与GenBank中HEV I~IV 型参考株的同源性分别为77.4%~83.9%、81.0%~83.2%、78.8%~86.9%和90.5%~98.5%,全部流行株均属基因IV型。进化分析结果表明：YN-KM-9与该猪场其他流行毒株同源性较远,应属不同基因亚型。结论该猪群HEV IV感染率较高,对公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。     

京、津、冀区域扬沙天气气候变化特征分析

利用京、津、冀区域内所辖 6 5个气象观测站 1 95 4 - 2 0 0 2年的观测资料 ,分析了扬沙天气的气候变化特征。结果表明 :京、津、冀区域绝大部分地区是扬沙天气的主要影响区。高原、平原和丘陵地区是扬沙天气的多发区和易发区 ,宁晋、邢台一带是扬沙天气的高频区。扬沙的发生时间具有明显的季节变化特征 ;此区域内的扬沙呈现整体减少趋势 ,各分区域的变化趋势具有相似性 ,只是在减少幅度和年代际减少趋势上略有不同     

发菜生存与生长分布的微生态环境

通过野外调查 ,研究和分析了对发菜生存与生长发育起直接作用的微土壤、微气候、微地形、微植被和风向等微生态环境。发菜对生存环境的选择性很强。其中 ,干一湿交替的微气候环境是一个起决定作用的关键性因子 ,是发菜生存和生长发育的必要条件。一方面 ,发菜藻体在干燥的状态下 ,有利于干物质的积累 ,是发菜生存和生长的必要前提 ;另一方面 ,发菜藻体只有在一定湿润状态下 ,才能生长发育。由于干旱气候环境所限 ,野生发菜的生长速度极为缓慢。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

从屠宰场收集了本地水牛55头、黑白花奶牛22头的卵巢共获卵泡847枚,平均每个水牛卵巢回收3.67枚可用卵母细胞,约为黑白花奶牛(10.23枚/头)的1/3。试验分别采用添加与不添加血清的培养液体外成熟培养水牛卵母细胞,结果二者的成熟率无明显毒性差异(58.23%对56.67%),但体外受精后早期胚胎发育的8-细胞率有显著差异(35.4%对23.0%),表明体外成熟液中有无血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟率没有影响,但血清对卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育有重要影响。进一步比较成熟液中不添加血清但在受精液及胚胎液中添加血清和在各个阶段均有血清参与的早期胚胎发育率(8-细胞率),表明二者差异不显著(33.8%对35.4%)。经无血清成熟培养液培养的成熟卵母细胞可以经孤雌激活后得到早期胚胎(4细胞)。     

乌骨鸡蛋形指数对孵化率的影响研究

将乌骨鸡种蛋按蛋形指数分为Ａ（≤７２．０％）、Ｂ（７２．１％－７４．０％）、Ｃ（７４．１％－７６．０％）、Ｄ（７６．１％－７８．０％）、Ｅ（≥７８．１％）五组进行孵化,结果表明：五组包骨 受精蛋孵化率分别为８２．６％、８６．１％、９０．２％、８７．２％、８２．５％、Ｃ组显著高于Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ各组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,并极显著地高于Ａ组和Ｅ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,蛋形指数为７４．１％－７６．０％的乌骨鸡种蛋孵化效果最佳。     

Effect of Steeping Conditions on Wet-Milling Characteristics of Hard Red Winter Wheat

A batch-wise small-scale wet-processing laboratory for whole wheat kernel has been designed and constructed to produce wheat starch and gluten from wheat grains. Hard red winter wheat kernels were steeped in three steeping media: SO₂ solution, lactic acid, and hydrochloric acid. Acid concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%, were used for SO₂ solutions and hydrochloric acid, and 0.1, 0.6, and 3.0% for lactic acid. After 16, 20, and 24 hr of steeping, the wheat was wet-milled. Yields and protein contents of wet-milling fractions were compared. Both high concentration of steeping media and long steeping time increased the starch yield and decreased the protein contents of the starch. However, the steeping time and acid concentration could be reduced from 24 to 20 hr and from 0.5 to 0.3%, respectively, without any statistically significant difference in starch yields or protein contents of the starch. Consistency and color of the starch were affected by both steeping time and acid concentrations of steeping media.     

美国车厘子组织培养试验

采用美国思加图车厘子室内盆栽萌发的嫩芽和老芽作为外植体,分析不同处理时间对车厘子外植体萌芽效果的影响;采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对其进行诱导增殖和生根培养,筛选最佳组培方法。结果表明：嫩芽是车厘子外植体的最佳选择,通过7 s酒精和0.1%升汞9 min消毒获得无菌体,污染率低、褐化率较低、萌芽率60%。芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数为3.92。生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.6 mg/L,生根率为100%。移栽炼苗基质比例为V（腐殖土）∶V（红土）=4∶6,盖膜驯化,保湿温度（25±2）℃,湿度80%,成活率达90%以上。     

农业生态环境问题和可持续发展研究——以河南省三门峡市为例

在对河南省三门峡市农业生态环境进行分区的基础上,针对各区主要农业生态环境问题提出具体改善途径。