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11.
Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
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J. Cao Y. Gong E. T. Yeh N. M. Holden J. F. Adamowski R. C. Deo M. Liu J. Zhou J. Zhang W. Zhang S. Zhang D. Sheng S. Yang X. Xu M. Li Q. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(4):663-671
Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 107 and 6.15 × 107 Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist. 相似文献
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为了解牛流行性出血病(epidemic hemorrhagic disease,EHD)在云南省的流行和分布情况,采用竞争ELISA方法,2019年对11个县市的1 199份牛血清进行流行性出血病病毒(epidemic hemorrhagic disease virus,EHDV)抗体检测,同时从各县市检测出的阳性血清中,随机选取18~50份通过微量血清中和试验进行血清型鉴定。结果显示:云南省11个县市均检测出EHDV抗体阳性样品,阳性率介于49.3%~91.3%,平均为81.8%;各地普遍存在3个及以上血清型,其中EHDV-7、-10、-6、-5血清型检出率较高,EHDV-8、-2血清型检出率较低,未检出EHDV-1型。结果表明,EHD在云南省流行广泛且较严重,流行血清型复杂。结果提示,需持续开展EHDV血清学监测,重视对该病的防控。此次血清学调查为我国西南地区EHD防控提供了数据参考。 相似文献
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杨军威 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):188-189
畜牧养殖业污染问题是畜牧养殖生产过程中的常见问题,对于养殖业也有一定的影响,直接影响畜牧产品质量及动物疫病防治工作。该文针对畜牧养殖业污染现状进行分析研究,阐述畜牧养殖污染问题现状,并综合新疆地区的畜牧养殖业发展状态,提出畜牧养殖污染问题综合治理的有效对策。 相似文献
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种子在自然贮藏过程中常常伴随着内部生理机能的恶化,线粒体作为种子内活性氧(reactive oxide species,ROS)产生的主要位点是最先遭到破坏的细胞器。为探讨不同贮藏年限对老芒麦种胚线粒体抗氧化功能的影响,本试验以室温贮藏0~4年的老芒麦种子为材料,分析比较其老化规律及种胚线粒体抗氧化特性的变化规律。结果表明:随着贮藏年限的延长,老芒麦种子发芽势、发芽率和种苗鲜重逐渐下降,死种子逐渐增多,种胚线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶(mitochondria malate dehydrogenase,MDH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(monodehydroascorbate reductase,MDHAR)活性逐渐下降,但在死种子中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著升高。此外,在贮藏过程中老芒麦种胚线粒体O2·-产生速率不断上升,而H2O2含量则呈现逐渐降低的趋势,表明线粒体中O2·-的积累与细胞氧化损伤密切相关。 相似文献
18.
Fang Chen Hao Zhang Na Zhao Xuehai Yang Encun Du Shaowen Huang Wanzheng Guo Wei Zhang Jintao Wei 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13619
Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA300 group and HS + CGA600 group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA300, and HS + CGA600 group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition. 相似文献
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季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。 相似文献