大型复杂机械节点导入建模及有限元分析

针对一般有限元软件在大型复杂机构建模和划分网格方面的局限性,提出了节点导入有限元建模法。采用三维建模软件建立节点布局图,并提取源坐标数据,结合有限元分析软件建立有限元模型,同时完成网格划分,并成功地将此建模方法应用于大型振动筛的建模与分析。结果表明,这种建模方法使计算和存储大为简便,可为设计人员提供设计参考。     

基于主成分分析的山东省中熟棉花新品种（系）的综合评价

为了筛选出适宜山东省种植的棉花新品种（系）,本研究以中早熟常规组 21 个新品种（系）为研究对象,对其农艺性状、产量和品质等进行了变异系数、相关性、主成分分析。结果表明：21 份棉花材料 15 个性状变异系数为 0.62%~30.20%,单株结铃数变异系数最高（30.20%）;其中有 5 个性状变异系数均超过 10%（均为农艺性状）,而纤维品质指标均小于 10%。生育期与株高、单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈正相关,籽棉产量与单株结铃数、单铃重、衣分呈极显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了 6 个主成分,累计贡献率达 81.82%,可代表 15 个性状的大部分信息。通过每个主成分的得分及其对应的权重求和对参试材料进行了综合评价,鲁棉 1142、鲁棉 271、德棉 14 号综合评价较高,表现较好。     

重组鸡β-防御素6基因的表达和生物学特性的研究

目的为开发中药防治畜禽沙门氏菌病,根据沙门氏菌病中兽医辩证进行中药组方,为今后畜禽养殖减抗限抗的替代疗法提供参考。方法采用倍比稀释法检测复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),扫描电镜观察菌体形态变化。试验选取150羽1日龄雏鸡,随机取出30羽做空白组,其余120羽人工感染鸡白痢沙门氏菌,制备雏鸡感染模型。将感染雏鸡随机分为模型组、中药治疗组、西药治疗组和中药预防组,每组30羽。观察雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。于治疗后1、3和5 d检测血清中IL-1β和TNF-α的含量;实时荧光PCR检测禽β-防御素6 (avian beta-defensin 6,AvBD6) 和鸡Toll样受体15 (chicken toll-like receptor 15,ChTLR15) 在雏鸡小肠中的转录水平。结果体外试验结果显示：MIC和MBC分别为62.5和125 mg/mL;扫描电镜下可见菌体出现溢缩,断裂形成许多残体,形状不规则。中药预防组可降低雏鸡的发病率及死亡率。与模型组相比,中药预防组和中药治疗组均可降低IL-1β和TNF-α含量。而ChTLR15和AvBD6在感染初期表达量高,治疗后期趋于正常。结论复方板蓝根口服液对鸡白痢沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用,其杀菌机制是通过改变菌体的形态结构使细菌丧失活性。试验证实复方板蓝根口服液可有效预防雏鸡沙门氏菌感染,并能有效降低体内炎性因子水平,减轻炎症反应。     

发菜生存与生长分布的微生态环境

通过野外调查 ,研究和分析了对发菜生存与生长发育起直接作用的微土壤、微气候、微地形、微植被和风向等微生态环境。发菜对生存环境的选择性很强。其中 ,干一湿交替的微气候环境是一个起决定作用的关键性因子 ,是发菜生存和生长发育的必要条件。一方面 ,发菜藻体在干燥的状态下 ,有利于干物质的积累 ,是发菜生存和生长的必要前提 ;另一方面 ,发菜藻体只有在一定湿润状态下 ,才能生长发育。由于干旱气候环境所限 ,野生发菜的生长速度极为缓慢。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎发育的影响

从屠宰场收集了本地水牛55头、黑白花奶牛22头的卵巢共获卵泡847枚,平均每个水牛卵巢回收3.67枚可用卵母细胞,约为黑白花奶牛(10.23枚/头)的1/3。试验分别采用添加与不添加血清的培养液体外成熟培养水牛卵母细胞,结果二者的成熟率无明显毒性差异(58.23%对56.67%),但体外受精后早期胚胎发育的8-细胞率有显著差异(35.4%对23.0%),表明体外成熟液中有无血清对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟率没有影响,但血清对卵母细胞的早期胚胎发育有重要影响。进一步比较成熟液中不添加血清但在受精液及胚胎液中添加血清和在各个阶段均有血清参与的早期胚胎发育率(8-细胞率),表明二者差异不显著(33.8%对35.4%)。经无血清成熟培养液培养的成熟卵母细胞可以经孤雌激活后得到早期胚胎(4细胞)。     

一种溶质运移数学模型的应用研究

土壤中溶质运移的过程、规律和机理是土壤溶质运移研究的主要内容。本文的目的是对模拟非饱和介质中水分和溶质迁移的二维数值模型SWMS－2D进行研究和验证。以硝酸盐形式存在的溶解氮是地下水中最常见的污染物，将硝态氮视为土壤溶质，考虑其根系吸收、生物固持、吸附、解吸、硝化和反硝化等作用，土壤表面即上边界条件用大气边界条件描述，下边界条件定为第一类边界条件，在田间条件下对模型作了检验。     

上层冠层因子对马尾松肉桂复层林下层林分生物量的影响

采用标准地定位监测方法,选取不同栽培模式马尾松(Pinus massoniana)肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)人工复层林上层林冠的叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、直接辐射透过系数、散射辐射透过系数、消光系数等5个冠层因子作为影响下层林分生长的光环境指标,利用主成分分析法研究影响肉桂林分生物量的主要光环境影响因子。结果表明,不同上层密度光环境下的肉桂各器官生物量变化明显;在主成分分析中,马尾松冠层叶面积指数、平均叶倾角和直接辐射透过系数三者的方差贡献率累计达到99.37%,是影响下层林生长的主导光环境因子;肉桂生物量的主成分回归模型具有良好的拟合度,从回归模型中可得出影响肉桂生物量的主要因子是上层林冠层的直接辐射透过系数。