授粉技术和单株留瓜数对鄂丝瓜1号制种效果的影响

以鄂丝瓜1号的父、母本为试材,以父本当天上午开放的雄花为花粉来源,研究了授粉时间、花粉供给量和单株留瓜数对种子产量和质量的影响。试验结果表明,母本雌花开放的当天上午和开花前1 d上午均可作为鄂丝瓜1号制种的适宜授粉时间;以1朵雄花为3朵雌花进行授粉为鄂丝瓜1号制种的首选花粉供给量;鄂丝瓜1号制种中,1株母本可以留5~6个种瓜。     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

日本细毛环腹瘿蜂对斑翅果蝇的寄生效能

日本细毛环腹瘿蜂Leptopilina japonica是斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii的优势寄生性天敌之一, 对斑翅果蝇具有良好的生防潜力。为更好地利用日本细毛环腹瘿蜂防控斑翅果蝇, 本研究在室内观察了日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的行为活动和生长发育特征。采用室内接虫法研究了该蜂对斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫的寄生能力。分别运用Holling Ⅱ型圆盘方程、搜寻效应方程和Hassell-Varley模型拟合分析了日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生功能反应、搜寻效应和自身密度干扰效应。结果表明:日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生功能反应符合Holling Ⅱ模型, 其拟合方程为:Na=0.70N/(1+0.03N); 寄生效能(a/Th)为15.78; 在一定空间内, 寄生蜂的寄生量随寄主密度增加而增大, 至寄主密度达25头/罐后寄生量趋于平稳; 寄生蜂的搜寻效应随着寄主密度的增加而减弱; 当斑翅果蝇的密度分别为10、20、30头/罐时寄生蜂自身密度干扰模型分别为E10=0.487 8P-0.871 3; E20=0.442 0P-0.676 8和E30=0.346 2P-0.433 7, 在同一寄主密度下, 日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寻找效应均随自身密度的增加而减弱。日本细毛环腹瘿蜂对斑翅果蝇2龄幼虫具有较好的寄生效能, 但寄主密度较大会导致日本细毛环腹瘿蜂的寄生效能减弱, 随着寄生蜂自身密度的增加, 其种内个体间会出现干扰作用。     

发酵型槐米低糖酸奶工艺研究

以槐米和复原乳为主要原料,以甜菊糖甙为甜味剂,开发出了一种风味好、营养价值高、外观美,具保健作用的低糖发酵型酸奶,即槐米低糖酸奶。     

Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

海带病害防治诊断专家系统的研究

海带病害的诊断和防治是保障海带健康养殖的关键。为了提高海带养殖用户的病害诊断和防治水平,本文对海带病害诊断专家系统进行了研究。首先,研究了知识的获取,以学术期刊发表的文献为主,同时辅以专家的调研,收集整理28种海带病害;接着,选择产生式规则描述知识,并构造了规则库;最后,采用正向推理进行病害诊断。该系统采用JSP+Sevlet+JavaBean实现,可以满足海带养殖用户对病害防治诊断的需求,并指出了下一步的研究方向和内容。     

天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展现状与建议

蔬菜作为鲜活农产品,在贮运过程中易发生变质腐烂现象,损耗严重。本文通过调研了解掌握天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展现状,针对天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施存在的问题,提出天津市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展建议,以期为我市蔬菜生产基地保鲜技术设施发展提供参考。     

稻瘟病菌F-box蛋白MoFbr7生物学功能分析

F-box蛋白在泛素-蛋白酶体途径(ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,UPP)中参与调控胞内蛋白降解、受体识别、信号传导等生物学过程。本研究从稻瘟病菌中克隆了F-box基因MoFbr7,序列分析表明,该基因编码产物具有1个F-box结构域(N-端)和8个连续的WD40重复序列(C-端),在丝状真菌中高度保守。利用基因敲除方法,获得4个MoFbr7基因敲除突变体,同时构建了回补菌株。表型分析结果显示,MoFbr7基因缺失突变体在产孢量、附着胞形态、原生质体释放、致病性等方面均无异常。突变体在MM、RDC培养基上生长速率下降;对细胞壁胁迫因子CFW(Calcofluor white)、刚果红敏感。以上结果表明MoFbr7参与稻瘟病菌的营养生长与细胞壁完整性,为进一步揭示其生物学功能奠定基础。     

Inhibitory effect of T-bet gene transfer on airway inflammation in a established murine allergic asthmatic model

AIM: To investigate the effect of T-bet plasmid gene transfer to airway on allergen induced airway inflammation in a murine asthmatic model. METHODS: A mouse asthma model was established by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice in each group): the normal control group (group A), the asthmatic model group (group B), the pcDNA3 plasmid group (group C), and the pcDNA3-T-bet group (group D). The animals in group B, C and D were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The animals in group A were applied with normal saline. pcDNA3 plasmid at dose of 50 μg was intranasally administered at 24 h before intranasal challenges to the mice in group C, and the 50 μg pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid for the mice in group D. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and lung tissues were resected at 48 h after OVA challenge for later assay. RESULTS: After administration with pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid, high level of T-bet expression at 48 h was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. In pcDNA3-T-bet treated asthmatic models, histological evaluation revealed the significant suppression of eosinophil peribronchial and perivascular infiltration, and reduction of epithelial damage. The numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF from pcDNA3-T-bet treated mice were significantly reduced compared to those in asthmatic control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in pcDNA3-T-bet group compared to that in asthmatic control group (P<0.05), while the level of IFN-γ in BALF was significantly increased in pcDNA3-T-bet group. No significant change of inflammation cells and cytokines in pcDNA3 plasmid group and asthmatic control group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Intranasal pcDNA3-T-bet plasmid transfer inhibits asthmatic airway inflammation in the murine asthmatic model, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma.     

酵素剂SS-200在菠菜和黄瓜上的施用效果研究

在保护地栽培,高肥力土壤条件下,研究施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200对菠菜、黄瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与常规施用化学肥料相比,施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200,有利于菠菜、黄瓜上的生长发育,其叶片数,茎粗,株高都有显著增加;施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200增加了菠菜产量,增产达到24.5%,也提高黄瓜的果实产量,平均1 hm2可以增产13.9%;同时施用SS-200菠菜叶柄中的硝酸盐含量降低了700 mg/L,达到9.2%,而SS-200对黄瓜的可溶性糖和Vc含量影响不大;由于肥料投入的降低及产量的增加,1 hm2菠菜的利润达到55 284元/hm2,黄瓜的利润也达到了67 082元/hm2。