Pathotypic variation in turnip mosaic virus with special reference to European isolates

A collection of 124 isolates of turnip mosaic virus was gathered from around the world, principally from European countries, and characterized by inoculation to four differential lines of Brassica napus (oilseed rape and swede). Three symptom phenotypes were induced—apparent immunity, local infection only, or systemic infection. Twelve distinct patterns, i.e. pathotypes, were observed. Three pathotypes were predominant in the collection; pathotype 1 isolates, which were the most common, did not overcome any of the most extreme sources of resistance in the differential lines. Of the other two, pathotype 3 isolates overcame one of the major sources of resistance and pathotype 4 isolates overcame all sources of resistance. The distribution of pathotypes within Europe was examined. No pathotype was confined to any geographical area, although pathotype 4 isolates were not found in southern Europe or Asia. Most isolates (90) originated from Brassica hosts, while others were from other cruciferae genera (19) or non-crucifers (5). The species of plant that the isolates originated from was not clearly related to the pathotype of the isolates. Resistance to pathotype 1 isolates is controlled by a dominant allele in one of the differential lines, and resistance sources are being examined in the other lines. Isolates belonging to pathotype 1 appeared to be able to mutate readily to overcome the resistance in one of the rape differential lines, but no isolates appeared to mutate to overcome the other major source of resistance in the differentials. The implications of the results for disease control strategies are discussed.     

松材线虫对黑松几个生理生化指标的影响

8～9年生黑松经4种处理(接种松材线虫、100μg苯甲酸水溶液处理、无菌水处理并环剥主干中部树皮以及单独无菌水处理)后,研究了其流脂量、蒸腾作用及叶部过氧化物酶同工酶的变化.结果显示,接种后12天,所有接虫株松脂分泌停止;接种后27天,接虫株蒸腾作用下降最明显,其平均蒸腾强度为0.0145ml·g     

西南矮马矮小性状基因SHOX的克隆测序和多态性研究

本研究首次克隆出西南马矮小性状基因完整第二外显子序列,GenBank登录号为EU556739;通过PCR-SSCP方法对8个品种150匹马的该序列做了多态性分析,在P2位点上268处有1个G→A的突变,和431处有1个T→G的突变导致了等位基因B变为等位基因A.该位点除云南文山马(WS)的优势基因型和优势等位基因分别为AB型和B外,其余类群马均为BB型和B.云南丘北马(QB)、云南文山马(WS)、云南大理马(DL)、建昌马(JC)和设特兰马(ST)在P2位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.     

Leucoencephalomyelopathy in Australian Rottweiler dogs

Clinical and pathological studies of a neurological disorder of 3 adult Rottweiler dogs are described. Dogs developed proprioceptive losses involving the limbs, leading to progressively worsening ataxia and hypermetria. Blood and CSF fluid analyses were normal and radiographs and myelograms showed no compressive lesions of the spinal cord. At necropsy, severe demyelination of the dorsal and lateral funiculi of the cervical spinal cord was visible grossly. Microscopically there was more extensive, symmetrical involvement of the spinal cord and brain than was apparent grossly, with demyelination of white matter tracts and sparing of axons in affected areas. These changes were considered diagnostic for leucoencephalomyelopathy. This condition has not been previously reported in Australia, and is probably transmitted genetically, presumably as an autosomal recessive trait.     

Frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations randomly collected across the Western Australian wheatbelt

In 2003, a random survey was conducted across the Western Australian wheatbelt to establish the extent and frequency of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations infesting crop fields. Five hundred cropping fields were visited, with 90 R. raphanistrum populations collected, representative of populations present in crop fields throughout the Western Australian wheatbelt. Collected populations were screened with four herbicides of various modes of action that are commonly used for the control of this weed. The majority of Western Australian R. raphanistrum populations were found to contain plants resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron (54%) and auxin analogue herbicide, 2,4‐D amine (60%). This survey also determined that over half (58%) of these populations were multiple resistant across at least two of the four herbicide modes of action used in the screening. Only 17% of R. raphanistrum populations have retained their initial status of susceptibility to all four herbicides. The distribution patterns of the herbicide‐resistant populations identified that there were higher frequencies of resistant and developing resistance populations occurring in the intensively cropped northern regions of the wheatbelt. These results clearly indicate that the reliance on herbicidal weed control in cropping systems based on reduced tillage and stubble retention will lead to higher frequencies of herbicide‐resistant weed populations. Therefore, within intensive crop production systems, there is a need to diversify weed management strategies and not rely entirely on too few herbicide control options.     

沙漠增温效应下绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析

本文对古尔班通古特沙漠及其南部不同距离绿洲的温度、气压、风向风速及净辐射进行了比较分析。结果表明,沙漠地表面温度和气温升降速度比绿洲观测点要快、变化幅度大;由于各观测点空气相对湿度和温度升降度不同,使得各观测点的气压升降幅度也不同,白天气压的变化曲线呈单蜂型;各观测点在12:00到18:00期间主导风向主要是南风,还有东南或西南风,在20:00时风速几乎为0;早上和晚上沙漠的净辐射高于绿洲,白天近地面净辐射绿洲大于沙漠;对绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析,为棉花等绿洲优势作物的播种期、物候期、作物生育及生理生态特性具有一定的指导意义。     

阿勒泰地区疣枝桦育苗技术

疣枝桦是阿勒泰地区广泛分布的乡土树种,文章简要介绍了疣枝桦在阿勒泰地区的分布、生物学特性以及播种繁殖过程,其中包括采种、种子处理、播种前的整地、播种、苗期管理等。文章阐述了疣枝桦育苗技术措施,在生产实践中具有较强的可操作性。     

工厂化水产养殖水质预测预警系统的设计

在对养殖水质需求分析的基础上,设计了一种水质在线实时预测预警系统。该系统具有以下功能:水质实时信息和预测信息的查询、水质预警、水质预警设置和用户管理。在多媒体可视化界面的引导下,信息操作人员可以根据养殖场的实际情况,进行各种预警指标的设定和预警方式的设置。该系统较好地解决了工厂化养殖过程中水质监测预警问题,方便了用户对养殖用水水质的监控和管理。     

华北土石山区森林枯落物与土壤水文效应研究

以河北省易县崇陵小流域3种不同林分的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行初步研究。结果表明:3种林分枯落物蓄积量差异较大,侧柏枯落物蓄积量最大,高达57.9t/hm2,油松枯落物蓄积量次之,为29.8t/hm2,刺槐枯落物蓄积量最小,是28.7t/hm2;3种林分枯落物中,侧柏林的枯落物持水能力最强,为114.5t/hm2,油松林的枯落物持最小,仅为60.1t/hm2;3种林分下土壤的平均容重和总孔隙度差别不大,容重的变化范围在1.46~1.66g/cm3;总孔隙度均偏低,具体表现为:侧柏(30.86%)油松(29.31%)刺槐(27.1%);3种林分林下土壤持水能力有所差异,表现为:侧柏油松刺槐。土壤持水能力与各林分林下土壤的孔隙度大小呈正相关,即土壤孔隙度越大,土壤的持水能力越强;3种林分的土壤稳渗速率相差较大,表现为:刺槐(10.50mm/min)油松(2.80mm/min)侧柏(0.80mm/min)。