菲莱氏温扬球虫(Wenyonella philiplevinei)小配子发育的超微结构研究

描述了电镜下菲莱氏温扬球虫小配子体的发育和小配子的形成过程。小配子体的发育可分为二个时期:第一期为生长期,是小配子体生长发育和核进行有丝分裂的时期;第二期是小配子实际形成和分化时期,此期可见小配子体表面形成含核和线粒体的突起并逐渐增长,此后小配子仅以后端与小配子母体的基质相连,之后彼此分离。成熟的小配子呈月芽形,核致密,在核前,侧旁有一个线粒体位于鞭毛基体下,呈梭形。小配子前端限制膜下有一块长1.1μm的致密板。鞭毛基体位于体前端,包埋于致密板原基中,两根鞭毛与体部呈锐角向后伸延,后部游离。     

梨茶翅蝽研究初报

茶翅蝽是北京地区梨生产上为害最重的一种害虫,害果率可达80%以上.本文对对梨茶翅蝽的卵、若虫、成虫形态学进行了描述;报道了年生活史及习性,不同季节不同虫态为害梨果的特征;并讨论了化学防治及其他各种防治的有效措施.     

NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长及根区土壤酶活性的影响

在温室中采用槽式栽培方法,以耐盐黄瓜品种津春5号和盐敏感黄瓜品种津优1号为试材,用浓度为525 mg•kg-1的NaCl处理土壤,研究NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长状况及根区土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫下盐敏感品种津优1号的单株产量和全株干质量均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|随着黄瓜生长,盐敏感品种津优1号定植后50 d的叶面积和定植后40 d的土壤脱氢酶活性均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|NaCl胁迫条件下,定植后30 d、40 d耐盐品种津春5号土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性较盐敏感品种津优1号受抑制程度轻,受盐害程度低,但差异未达到显著水平。     

饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸的同步测定

实验建立利用高效液相色谱同时测定饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸含量的方法。采用Grom-Sil org acid柱(250 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)进行分析。流动相为pH值2.5磷酸水溶液;流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为210 nm;柱温为30℃。在此色谱条件下,5种有机酸分离良好。平均回收率均大于85%,RSD小于10.0%。对实际样品的检测结果表明:该方法操作简便易行,准确可靠。     

Effect of subcutaneously administered diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts by experimentally infected rabbits

The effect of subcutaneously injected diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts was studied in experimentally infected rabbits. Diclazuril was administered either prophylactically at 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg bodyweight two days before each rabbit was inoculated with 20,000 oocysts of a mixed-species field isolate of Eimeria or therapeutically at 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg bodyweight five days after they were inoculated. The prophylactic treatments significantly reduced (P<0.05) the output of oocysts in faeces and the numbers in the rabbits' livers at all doses. The therapeutic treatment at 4 mg/kg also caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in oocyst shedding, but the lower doses resulted in only a moderate reduction. The shedding of the pathogenic species Eimeria stiedae, Eimeria magna, Eimeria irresidua, Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria piriformis and Eimeria intestinalis was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all the treated groups. The burden of oocysts in the livers of the therapeutic groups (4000 to 9000) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the inoculated but untreated control group (23,000), but higher than in the prophylactic groups (around 1000).     

瘤胃源益生菌对小鼠生长和生理特性的影响

试验旨在对筛选出的6种瘤胃源益生菌进行小鼠试验,以期为其在畜禽养殖业的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。选取5周龄雄性昆明小鼠56只,随机分为7组：生理盐水对照组、解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21组、枯草芽孢杆菌Lw-K16组、乳酸菌Lw-R35组、产蛋白酶菌Lw-D48组、产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组和酵母菌Lw-JM70组,试验组每天以0.2 mL/10 g体重剂量连续灌胃42 d,对照组灌喂相同剂量的生理盐水,比较并分析灌胃不同益生菌对小鼠体重、肠道菌群数量、脂肪积累量、免疫器官指数和血糖降解能力等的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠体重增加明显（P>0.05）,同时可显著减少小鼠体内的脂肪积累（P<0.05）。乳酸菌Lw-R35和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠肠道中的乳酸菌和总厌氧菌数量均显著或极显著增多（P<0.05;P<0.01）。各益生菌组小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数均有显著或极显著提高（P<0.05;P<0.01）,且可不同程度提高小鼠血糖的调节能力。综上所述,用筛选出的6种天然益生菌饲喂小鼠可改善其肠道微生态环境、免疫器官指数和血糖调节能力等。     

Efficacy of decoquinate against drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and field isolates of Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in China

The efficacy of decoquinate against Eimeria infections in broiler chickens was evaluated using two drug sensitive laboratory strains of Eimeria tenella and 20 field isolates of Eimeria spp. collected from farms in China where various anticoccidials (including maduramicin) had been used. Decoquinate (20-40 ppm in feed) and maduramicin (5 ppm) were efficacious against E. tenella laboratory strains, but decoquinate more so than maduramicin. Body weight gains of E. tenella infected chickens were significantly improved, and caecal lesions were prevented, by feeding either decoquinate or maduramicin. Decoquinate also prevented oocyst production, but maduramicin did not. Most (18/20) Eimeria field isolates were resistant to maduramicin, judged by oocyst production; decoquinate at > or =20 ppm completely controlled all 20 field isolates. Decoquinate has potential value as a broiler anticoccidial in China and other countries where it has not been previously used.     

柴油机燃用甲醇燃料的燃烧循环变动的研究

在燃用甲醇燃料的１１３０单缸柴油机上,通过缸内燃烧分析,对影响甲醇发动机循环变动的各种因素,（转速,负荷,点火提前角,喷油提前角,喷油嘴类型,压缩比,点火方式等）进行了详细的研究,试验结果表明,甲醇发动机的燃烧环变动主要取决于火延迟期的长短和缸内混合气怪状浓度分面是否合理,缩短着火延迟期,或在火花塞跳火区域及燃烧室内获得理想的混合气层状深度分布均可降低甲醇发动机燃烧循环变动,使发动机性能得以改善。     

兔非特异性免疫力抗长角血蜱幼虫感染能力的研究

本实验以卡介苗作为免疫增强剂和以地塞米松与雷公藤擦剂作为免疫抑制剂,以此改变兔非特异性免疫功能,观察免疫力不同的动物抗长角血蜱幼虫感染的能力.结果发现非特异性免疫增强组兔对蜱抵抗力较强,而非特异性免疫抑制组相对较弱,提示在蜱活动季节灭蜱时,应该考虑动物体况,加强动物营养,对种用动物以免疫增强剂进行接种,减少疾病的发生。蜱作为多种病原体的生物性媒介和自身作为病原体对人和动物危害严重。通常采用的灭蜱措施主要有药物防治、生物防治等,但对不同体况动物自身抗蜱能力的研究尚缺,本实验对此进行了研究。     

盐胁迫对牧草种子萌发及其恢复的影响

观察了７种牧草种子在８个ＮａＣｌ浓度;０（０Ｍｐａ）,２１－９－０．１Ｍｐａ）,６６（－０．３Ｍｐａ）,１１ｐ（－０．５Ｍｐａ）,１５０（－０．７０Ｍｐａ）,２００（－０．９Ｍｐａ）,２６７（－１．２Ｍｐａ）,３３４（－１．９５Ｍｐａ）,４４５（－２．６０３Ｍｐａ）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ下的发芽率及胚根和胚芽的生长,将盐胁迫下未萌发种子移入营养液中,观测它们在解除发芽率呈下降趋势,但长穗偃麦草的发芽率几乎不