酶解法测定L-抗坏血酸磷酸酯含量的研究

L-抗坏血酸磷酸酯是将抗坏血酸中的不稳定基团(在烯醇上的氢)与磷酸盐进行酯化反应,生成的稳定酯类化合物。从根本上解决了抗坏血酸不稳定、易氧化的问题。动物消化道内存在的磷酸酶能将其酶解,释放出抗坏血酸为动物利用,是一种可替代抗坏血酸的饲料添加剂。目前已经报导的测定     

饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸的同步测定

实验建立利用高效液相色谱同时测定饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸含量的方法。采用Grom-Sil org acid柱(250 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)进行分析。流动相为pH值2.5磷酸水溶液;流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为210 nm;柱温为30℃。在此色谱条件下,5种有机酸分离良好。平均回收率均大于85%,RSD小于10.0%。对实际样品的检测结果表明:该方法操作简便易行,准确可靠。     

Modeling spatio-temporal distribution of soil moisture by deep learning-based cellular automata model

Soil moisture content (SMC) is a key hydrological parameter in agriculture,meteorology and climate change,and understanding of spatio-temporal distributions of SMC in farmlands is important to address the precise irrigation scheduling.However,the hybrid interaction of static and dynamic environmental parameters makes it particularly difficult to accurately and reliably model the distribution of SMC.At present,deep learning wins numerous contests in machine learning and hence deep belief network (DBN) ,a breakthrough in deep learning is trained to extract the transition functions for the simulation of the cell state changes.In this study,we used a novel macroscopic cellular automata (MCA) model by combining DBN to predict the SMC over an irrigated corn field (an area of 22 km~2) in the Zhangye oasis,Northwest China.Static and dynamic environmental variables were prepared with regard to the complex hydrological processes.The widely used neural network,multi-layer perceptron (MLP) ,was utilized for comparison to DBN.The hybrid models (MLP-MCA and DBN-MCA) were calibrated and validated on SMC data within four months,i.e.June to September 2012,which were automatically observed by a wireless sensor network (WSN) .Compared with MLP-MCA,the DBN-MCA model led to a decrease in root mean squared error (RMSE) by 18%.Thus,the differences of prediction errors increased due to the propagating errors of variables,difficulties of knowing soil properties and recording irrigation amount in practice.The sequential Gaussian simulation (s Gs) was performed to assess the uncertainty of soil moisture estimations.Calculated with a threshold of SMC for each grid cell,the local uncertainty of simulated results in the post processing suggested that the probability of SMC less than 25% will be difference in different areas at different time periods.The current results showed that the DBN-MCA model performs better than the MLP-MCA model,and the DBN-MCA model provides a powerful tool for predicting SMC in highly non-linear forms.Moreover,because modeling soil moisture by using environmental variables is gaining increasing popularity,DBN techniques could contribute a lot to enhancing the calibration of MCA-based SMC estimations and hence provide an alternative approach for SMC monitoring in irrigation systems on the basis of canals.     

A SCAR marker specific for rapid detection of the avirulence gene Avr1c in Phytophthora sojae

The F₂ population derived from a cross between isolates pR_x (Avr1c-Avr1c) and ps₁ (avr1c-avr1c) of Phytophthora sojae, fungal agent of soybean stem and root rot, was used to determine the genetic basis of avirulence towards Rps1c gene in soybean. The results indicated that this avirulence is dominant and controlled by a single locus, as expected for a simple gene-for-gene model. Segregation of Avr1c in the F₂ progeny of this cross fits a 3:1 ratio. Four of 80 AFLP primers effectively distinguished the avirulent pR_x from the virulent ps₁. Among the 5 specific markers, band C was amplified from the avirulent pR_x by primer set EGC/MAT, then recovered and cloned. This AFLP marker was successfully transfered to a SCAR marker through sequencing, primer design and specific amplication of the DNA of the avirulent pR_x. Results of validity and specificity experiments with 50 individuals of the F₂ progeny and 50 field isolates demonstrated that this SCAR marker (a 616-bp fragment) can be successfully and specifically amplified from the P. sojae isolates that have Avr1c gene.     

黑龙江春季最好的蜜源植物——柳树

柳树在黑龙江地区分布广,数量大,泌蜜丰富,花粉充足,对蜂群春季繁殖起到了重要的作用。它为采收7月的椴树蜜和8月的秋季蜜源打下了基础,蜂群出窖时有5框足蜂的壮群,流蜜期如果遇上良好的天气还能取到数量可观的商品蜜。柳树是黑龙江地区春季第一个主要蜜粉源植物。     

我国小户竹农扶持政策分析

小户竹农人口众多,面临的竹林经营风险多样,其发展状况关系到社会公平,有必要制定专门政策加以扶持。虽然我国开展了集体林权制度改革,但在竹产业政策中,仍缺乏对小户竹农的针对性扶持,有必要完善相关政策。建议取消小户竹农的育林基金和采伐审批、增加对小户竹农的贷款及竹林生态效益补偿额度,设置小户竹农竹林经营奖励项目,并在林地流转、科技推广、森林保险补贴制度、投诉制度等方面加以完善。     

黄芩等六种中草药的体外抑菌试验

应用平板打孔法和试管两倍稀释法检测了本地常见清热型中草药黄芩、青葙子、五色梅、一点红、鸡蛋花、少花龙葵等对沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的抑制作用。结果表明:沙门氏菌对黄芩、一点红和鸡蛋花呈高度敏感,最小抑菌浓度在1/40～1/10之间;对少花龙葵呈中度敏感,最小抑菌浓度为大于1/10;而对青葙子和五色梅不敏感。大肠杆菌K88对黄芩、一点红、鸡蛋花和少花龙葵都呈高度敏感,黄芩和鸡蛋花的最小抑菌浓度在1/20～1/10;一点红和少花龙葵大于1/10;对青葙子和五色梅不敏感。大肠杆菌26和大肠杆菌40除对黄芩呈高度敏感外,对其他5种中草药均不敏感。     

Use of organic agricultural wastes as growing media for the production of Anthurium andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’

Summary

The conventional organic growing medium used for anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) production is peat. Quality peat, however, is costly and is a non-renewable natural resource. The current study compared the suitability of using charred and composted organic agricultural wastes (OAW) vs. sphagnum peat as components of various growth media for the ornamental plant, anthurium (A. andraeanum ‘Pink Lady’). Ten different media were prepared from composted corn cobs (C), charred corn cobs (CC), charred garden waste (CG), and Pindstrup? sphagnum peat moss (P) in various proportions. The media contained [on a % (v/v) basis]: C (100%), CC (100%), CG (100%), C (70%) + CG (30%), CC (70%) + CG (30%), C (35%) + CG (15%) + P (50%), CC (50%) + P (50%), CC (35%) + CG (15%) + P (50%), C (50%) + P (50%), or P (100%) as a control. After 15 months in a greenhouse, the growth and flowering of transplanted anthurium plants were optimal using P, CC+P, or CC+CG+P.These results indicate that mixing charred OAW with peat could provide a suitable medium for anthurium production, thereby reducing the need for peat and converting agricultural waste material into useful products.     

荧光法研究黄华碱对α—甘露糖苷酶的抑制作用

以发强荧光的4—甲基—7—羟基香豆素作为酶的底物,可用荧光分光光度计测定α—甘露糖苷酶、α—葡糖苷酶、β—半乳糖苷酶及β—葡糖苷酸苷酶的浑度和活性。用荧光法研究黄华碱对容酶体内α—甘露糖苷酶的抑制作用,尚未见报道。4—甲基—7—羟基香豆素与δ—甘露糖苷结合成无荧光的底物,后者在α—甘露糖苷酶(AMA)的作用下水解而释放出发荧光的4—甲基—7—羟基香豆素。AMA的活性越低,对底物的作用也越差,检测出的荧光强度亦弱。     

快慢羽品系贵妃鸡体尺性状及屠宰性能的比较分析

对20周龄的6只快羽贵妃鸡与6只慢羽贵妃鸡的体尺性状与屠宰性能进行比较分析.结果表明,两品系间的体尺性状与屠宰性能均为慢羽鸡大于快羽鸡,且髋宽、半净膛率两品系间差异显著(P<0.05).两品系间的内脏器官的体积大小和骨架结构大小存在一定的规律性,骨架指数与睾丸重慢羽鸡均大于快羽鸡,器官指数则是慢羽鸡小于快羽鸡.