闽南牛结构基因座多型性的研究

以中心产区典型群简单随机抽样原则在福建省漳州市抽取闽南牛64头,采集血样,按常规方法分离血浆和血细胞,冷冻后带回实验室-20℃保存备用。用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术(SGE)检测21个编码血液蛋白(酶)的结构基因座。同时引用其他学者用相同方法获得的国内外12个牛群体7个相同座位的研究资料,进行聚类分析。结果表明:在所检测的21个基因座中,有10个存在多型,多态位点百分比为47.62%,群体内遗传变异水平相对较高,平均杂合度为0.1593;证实了闽南牛与东南亚牛种亲缘关系较近,闽南牛是南方黄牛和瘤牛的混血种,但不应含有巴厘牛或斑腾牛的血统。     

巴蜀城镇聚落形态保护研究

结合实例详细解读了巴蜀城镇聚落形态的特征,并针对当前城市建设给聚落形态带来的负面影响,提出尊重自然生态环境、选择空间发展模式、保护历史风貌特色、挖掘文化内涵等措施,以此实现保护城镇聚落形态的目的。     

Administration of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis induces growth,immune and antioxidant enzyme activities,gut microbiota assembly and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus vannamei

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (BL) on the growth, immune and antioxidant activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) in juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (LV). Juvenile LV (initial weight = 0.63 ± 0.001) were fed diets containing varying BL concentrations (0 (BL0), 10⁶ (BL1), 10⁷ (BL2) and 10⁸ (BL3) CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Growth performance, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphology significantly improved in the probiotic‐treated groups than the untreated. Regardless of the treatment group, the two dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the two dominant genera were Ruegeria and Vibrio. Increasing inclusion of probiotics in diets led to significant increase in beneficial bacterial genera (Ruegeria, and Pseudoalteromonas) and a significant decrease in some known opportunistic pathogens (Vibrio, Tenacibaculum, Photobacterium, Kangiella and Spongiimonas) with the BL3 group witnessing the best. A 7‐day challenge study with VP_AHPND showed significantly high protection in the probiotic‐treated groups, with the BL3, BL2 and BL1 obtaining 51%, 34% and 22% relative percentage survival, respectively. In conclusion, BL at 10⁸ CFU/g feed should be used to help in shrimp production since it attained the most significant improvement.     

阜康北部梭梭荒漠早春物种多样性研究

通过对梭梭荒漠2种植物群落早春的物种组成、垂直结构及物种多样性的对比研究发现:梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)群落和白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)群落具有结构简单、群落优势度高、均匀度和物种多样性较低、旱生性植物占绝对优势及短生植物成为群落重要组成部分等特征。同时,二者存在以下差异:①物种多样性差异, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数梭梭群落(0.74,0.08和0.81)均高于白梭梭群落(0.61, 0.06和0.77);②主要伴生种不同,前者以草本植物为主要伴生种,后者以灌木为主要伴生种;③短生物种丰富度差异分别占前者的64.7%(11种)及后者的60%(15种)。2种梭梭群落的特点与差异可能与古尔班通古特沙漠南缘早春适宜的水热配置、群落生境的沙土含水量、沙面稳定程度及物种本身的生物学特性等因素有关。     

‘龙江’无芒雀麦新品种选育报告

为解决产业结构调整、优质饲草产业发展过程中存在的优质饲草匮乏的问题,1995年起黑龙江省畜牧研究所牧草育种课题组开展了野生无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)种质资源栽培驯化工作,经过单株选择、混合选育,选育出‘龙江’无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss.‘Longjiang’)新品种,2015年通过全国草品种审定委员会审定。试验结果表明:其干草产量9135.47~11251.47kg·hm~(-2),较对照增产15.73%~17.77%,且差异达显著水平(P0.05);平均种子产量为554.07~628.52kg·hm~(-2),较对照增产10.45%~12.26%;该品种具有较强的适应性,抗寒、耐盐碱、分蘖能力强、叶量丰富、草质柔软、产草量高,是适合东北寒区人工草地建植、退化草原改良治理的优质牧草。     

射流自吸喷灌泵喷嘴系数的理论推导与试验

为了研究射流式自吸喷灌泵射流喷嘴的内特性,利用流体力学基本原理,对射流喷嘴阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论推导.设计了4种不同尺寸的射流喷嘴,对4种喷嘴的阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论计算,得到了不同出口直径下各系数的变化规律.对分别安装4种射流喷嘴的喷灌泵进行了自吸性能的试验.结合试验结果和各系数的变化规律,分析了射流喷嘴阻力系数和流量系数对射流式自吸喷灌泵自吸性能的影响.结果表明,随着喷嘴出口直径的增大,阻力系数减小,流量系数增大,自吸时间缩短,但达到一定程度后,卷吸作用减弱,自吸性能变差.     

山地果园牵引式双轨运输机断绳制动装置设计与试验

针对山地果园牵引式双轨运输机存在钢丝绳松脱或断裂可能引发溜车事故等问题,研制了一种断绳制动装置,描述了载物滑车的总体结构及制动装置关键结构尺寸关系,分析了制动装置制动过程的运动规律。应用SolidWorks建立制动装置简化模型,然后倒入ADAMS/View中建立了制动装置和轨道横梁虚拟样机,虚拟制动试验确定了制动过程的动力学变化规律。动力学仿真与台架试验结果表明,该断绳制动装置的制动成功率为100%,随着装载质量的增大,制动杆与轨道横梁碰撞后的明显回弹次数逐渐减少;碰撞点的应力以及制动杆的回弹距离均随着回弹次数的增大而逐渐减小;仿真结果与试验结果相差极小,验证了仿真过程是正确的。该研究可为山地果园轨道运输机械的安全制动装置设计及后续优化提供参考。     

TGF β1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and down-regulates TLR4 expression

AIM: To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on murine-derived dendritic cells (DC). METHODS: Murine bone marrow cells were cultured with GM-CSF and TGF-β1 to develop TGF β-DC. Then they were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DC was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using BrdU ELISA method. IL-12 p70 protein was detected by ELISA and the expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and FCM. RESULTS: Compared to immature DC (imDC) cultured with GM-CSF alone, the expressions of CD80, CD86, I-Ab and CD40 in TGF β-DC were lower. The TGF β-DC was resistant to maturation by LPS. Maturation resistance was evident from a failure to up-regulate CMs, to stimulate larger T cell proliferation and to increase secretion of IL-12 p70. Down-regulation of TLR4 expression on TGF β-DC was also found. CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 inhibits the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. It is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.     

TRAIL与5-FU联合诱导白血病细胞凋亡的分子机理研究

用凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）及5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联合刺激Jurkat细胞36h,以诱导细胞凋亡;用流式细胞术和MTS比色法检测细胞存活率,计算细胞凋亡率;用免疫印迹（western b-lotting）检测p53的表达和胱天肽酶-3、胱天肽酶-8的变化。结果表明：5-FU能有效增加TRAIL诱导的Jurkat细胞凋亡,并伴随p53表达增加及胱天肽酶-3和胱天肽酶-8的活性增加,提示TRAIL和5-FU联合诱导的T淋巴白血病细胞凋亡的分子机制与p53及胱天肽酶-3、胱天肽酶-8有关,为TRAIL和5-FU联合用于治疗白血病提供理论依据。     

水稻籼粳交育种策略的优化及育种实践

籼粳交育种是水稻育种取得突破的基本途径,以培育掺粳籼稻为主题,分析了籼粳交育种的多个育种策略,利用典型粳稻和采用三交(回交)方式是优先可取的方法,但存在工作量大的问题。为此,提出了工作量小、能有效缩短育种时间的高效育种策略,即(籼型细胞质雄性不育系/对细胞质雄性不育系具有保持能力的典型粳稻品种F1//具有恢复能力的籼稻品种或恢复系"的育种策略,回顾了籼粳交育种历程及所取得的成效,并对籼粳交育种策略的进一步优化进行展望。