3种丁香叶片的PSⅡ光化学活性及光能利用特点

以我国北方地区常见的3种丁香属植物紫丁香(Syringa oblata)、白丁香(S.oblata var.alba)和暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata(Blume)H.Hara)为试验材料,利用快相叶绿素荧光动力学技术研究3种丁香叶片的PSⅡ光化学活性之间的差异。结果表明:3种丁香叶片Fv/Fm之间差异不大,但暴马丁香叶片的Fv/Fo和PIABS却小于紫丁香和白丁香,达到极显著差异水平,说明暴马丁香叶片的PSⅡ光化学活性相对较低。暴马丁香叶片PSⅡ电子受体侧电子由Q_A向Q_B传递的速率明显低于紫丁香和白丁香,而且Q_A~-向Q_B传递速率也明显低于紫丁香和白丁香,但3种丁香叶片Sm无显著差异,即在PQ库容量差异较小情况下,暴马丁香叶片Q_A向Q_B传递速率较低的原因与Q_B接受电子能力较低有关,受Q_B下游PQ库的影响较小。暴马丁香叶片放氧复合体OEC的功能和类囊体膜结构的稳定性也明显低于紫丁香和白丁香。虽然暴马丁香单位反应中心吸收的光能ABS/RC明显高于紫丁香和白丁香,但是3种丁香叶片的ET_o/RC之间却无显著差异,但DIo/RC极显著高于紫丁香和白丁香。因此,暴马丁香叶片PSⅡ反应中心能量分配的不均衡性也是其PSⅡ反应中心光化学活性较低的原因之一。     

国内外森林资源规划与模拟研究综述

森林资源规划的目的是设计在一段时间内和在一定空间中的积极干预,通过权衡具有不同社会功能的森林价值,使得在某一特定区域的特定功能价值最大化。文中在查阅国内外森林资源规划研究的基础上,系统分析了国内外森林资源规划系统及模拟核心内容。森林资源规划系统越来越受到国内外专业森林经营管理机构的青睐,专业化森林规划软件在推动森林生态服务价值模型建立、林分空间优化、复杂约束条件和目标分析中起到了积极的作用。在全球气候变化大背景下,未来农田与森林将被作为一个有机整体,开发多尺度、多数据复合的森林规划平台。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的黑龙江省对日贸易额预测

为了提高黑龙江省对日贸易的预测精度,对灰色系统和马尔科夫理论进行研究分析,建立黑龙江省对日贸易额灰色马尔可夫预测模型。该模型融合灰色系统与马尔科夫理论的特点,可以大大提高预测精度。在实例应用中,建立贸易额GM（1,1）灰色预测模型,在获得预测值和残差检验的基础上,将原始数据划分为3个状态,计算状态转移概率,利用灰区间中位数建立贸易额灰色马尔可夫预测模型,对黑龙江省对日贸易额进行预测,将预测的结果与GM（1,1）的进行比较,结果表明,灰色马尔可夫预测模型不仅可以预测贸易额,而且其预测精度明显高于GM（1,1）预测。     

长江滩地植被缓冲带类型及功能与生态重建

长江滩地植被缓冲带包括原生植被、人工植被两大类,其中人工植被缓冲带又包括森林、林农复合系统和农田缓冲带;长江滩地植被缓冲带具有保水固土,过滤径流,提供生物栖息地,防浪护堤,改善长江水文状况和美化滩地环境,丰富人文景观等现实与潜在功能;分析提出了生态重建的总体目标、原则(可持续性,自我恢复,分类重建,调整反馈)与步骤(信息系统建立,系统诊断与评价,规划设计与生态重建,长江保护与流域可持续发展)。为滩地资源的合理利用以及长江流域的科学保护提供科学依据。     

小麦K型不育系恢复基因近等基因系农艺性状的遗传差异分析

对近等基因系进行遗传背景检测,有利于选育高质量的近等基因系材料.以17个小麦K型不育系恢复基因的近等基因系(N1～N17)和轮回亲本不育系豫麦3号为材料,通过调查这些材料的株高、成穗数、旗叶长、旗叶宽、倒二叶长、脖长、倒一节长、倒二节长、穗长、小穗数等10个农艺性状.对小麦K型不育系恢复基因近等基因系的农艺性状进行了差异比较和聚类分析.结果表明,连续回交5代后,回交后代与轮回亲本在形态性状上表现出较高的一致性,其中N14、N1、N7、N16和N15与不育系豫麦3号的性状差异较小,在欧氏距离为5.2处把它们聚在同一类,但从各性状的变异系数看,N7和N15自身的变异较大,所以N14、N1和N16与不育系豫麦3号具有较好的近等性.     

Spatial–temporal evolution of the port–hinterland relationship: A case study of the Midstream Yangtze River,China

Most scientific attention on port studies centers on deep sea ports, especially container ports. In this paper, in contrast, attention is focused on the spatial–temporal development of inland waterway ports on the Midstream Yangtze River from 2001 to 2013. The aim of this study is to assess two relevant and complementary questions of the hinterland evolution: its geographical extent and the coordination relationship with the inland port. To conduct the study, it was necessary to first identify the boundaries of the ports' hinterlands within the given timeframe. Then, the coupling coordination degree model was introduced to explore the underlying relationship between the port service and hinterland economy. Furthermore, to better depict the intricate economic characteristics of the hinterland, the development stage theory was applied in the models. The results highlight the emergence of a discontinuous hinterland at Wuhan Port and its reinforcement of primacy with respect to fierce hinterland rivalry. It also demonstrates that an interplay between major ports and their corresponding hinterlands evolves from the transitional stage, characterized by lagging port service, to the multi‐stage, wherein the supply of ports partly outstrips hinterland demand.     

Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

促进玉米子粒脱水的农艺措施研究进展

作为我国玉米的主要产品类型,子粒用玉米收获时含水率是决定玉米子粒机械化直收质量、储藏安全和经济效益的关键因素,收获期子粒含水率高已经成为制约我国机械化粒收技术大面积推广应用、影响玉米及其制品质量与安全生产、限制玉米产业提质增效发展的重要经济与技术问题。对国内外促进玉米子粒脱水的农艺措施相关研究进行总结与分析,认为未来玉米全程机械化生产过程中,在选用适宜子粒机械化直收优良品种的前提下,应结合各区域不同熟期品种的精细化布局,通过不断改进种植模式、优化养分和水分精准运筹方式,创新适时冠层结构调控措施,研发高效促脱水化学调控产品等关键栽培技术途径,建立生育后期子粒灌浆和脱水动力学协同关系,营造通透群体微区环境,加速子粒水分散失;收获时间调节方面,除了依据不同品种生理成熟前后的子粒脱水动力学进程、种植规模、市场供需格局和农机调度管理等因素外,还应充分考虑田间倒伏、落穗、穗腐、虫害及野生动物破坏导致的产量损失;此外,应加强与关键技术措施相配套的轻简化农机装备的有效研制,将农艺农机深度融合,进一步推动玉米子粒机械化直收技术应用,促进我国玉米及其制品质量与安全,提升玉米生产竞争力,实现玉米产业可持续发展。     

阿拉尔垦区常规棉与F2杂交棉产量纤维品质性状比较研究

为探究棉花是否具有较强的杂种优势,明确F2杂交棉纤维品质性状和分离特征,筛选出适宜于该区域的优质F2组合。以4个F2杂交组合(瑞杂1号、瑞杂2号、瑞杂4号、J杂708)和2个常规棉品种(J206-5、新陆中38号)为研究材料,通过大田试验比较了F2杂交棉与常规棉棉纤维品质性状的差异,并对F2杂交棉纤维品质性状分离程度进行分析。结果表明:1)4个F2组合材料的纤维品质性状分离都小于常规棉品种,相比常规棉,F2杂交棉的棉纤维品质出现优势衰退的真正原因是28~29mm纤维长度植株比例增加,而>32mm以上纤维长度植株比例减少;2)存在断裂比强度向减弱方向的分离,但是棉花纤维长度和整齐度与常规棉无明显差异,以上品质指标表明F2杂交棉性状分离程度不大。3)杂交棉纤维品质各项指标无显著差异,可以筛选出优良的F2杂交棉组合并在生产上进行推广种植。