The role of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important agent of swine and human meningitis. Sequence type (ST) 7 emerged in China and was responsible for the human epidemic caused by S. suis in 2005. The virulence of S. suis ST7 is greater than the wild type pathogenic S. suis, ST1; however, the mechanisms for this increased pathogenicity are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in regulating the host response to the S. suis infection and to speculate on differing mechanisms used by ST7 strains to induce disease. Here we compared two ST7 strains isolated in the 2005 Sichuan outbreak to two ST1 strains. Our data show TLR2, 6 and 9 are involved in the recognition of heat-killed S. suis independent of the ST type. We found the TLR-dependent cytokine production differed between the two types of strains using whole cell lysate proteins. TLR6 played a greater role in cytokine production induced by the whole cell lysate proteins from the ST7 strain than in that induced by the ST1 strain lysates. The data suggest that mechanisms of inflammation induced by S. suis strains differ where this will be useful in designing efficient strategies in combating streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by the S. suis ST7 strains.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪体内的药物代谢动力学和残留消除研究

在(14±1)℃水温条件下,对黑鲪单次口灌100 mg/kg体重的磺胺二甲嘧啶,进行药物代谢动力学研究。在(20±2)℃水温条件下,按照《中华人民共和国水产行业标准磺胺类药物水产养殖使用规范》推荐剂量对黑鮶连续5天口灌给予磺胺二甲嘧啶,研究其在黑鮶体内的残留消除规律。血浆、肌肉和肝脏样品采用高效液相色谱检测,DAS2.0药物代谢动力学软件对数据进行处理分析。结果表明磺胺二甲嘧啶在黑鲪血浆、肌肉和肝脏中均符合一室模型,肝脏、血液和肌肉中药物达峰时间分别为6 h,8 h和10 h;峰值浓度分别为26.45μg/g、25.57μg/g和31.15μg/g;连续多次给药后,黑鮶血液、肌肉、肝脏中药物浓度分别在给药后12d、14d、15d后小于最大残留限量要求(0.1mg/kg)。     

对我国畜禽养殖业供给侧改革的思考——以非洲猪瘟疫情应对为例

非洲猪瘟(ASF)疫情给我国养殖产业、肉类产品消费市场、居民生活造成了严重经济损失和消极社会影响,研判畜禽养殖业供给侧改革值得重视。自2018年8月ASF疫情发生以来,我国采取切实措施积极应对,取得了阶段性进展和实效。本文梳理了巴西、西班牙、俄罗斯等国的ASF防控经验,要求做好专业兽医临床团队网络体系建设,覆盖全部生猪养殖主体的血清学监测,提升养殖场户生物安全水平,全面扑杀措施的快速实施,生猪移动的严格监管,餐厨废弃物的合理处置以及政府财政的大力支持等内容。本文也从生产环节、防疫环节、处置环节指出了当前ASF防控难点,提示应积极推动供给侧改革,通过做好政策制定、合理引导、细化管理,进一步推动畜禽养殖业转型升级。     

盐度对刺参消化酶活力的影响

本文应用酶学分析方法研究了盐度对刺参消化道内各种消化酶活力的影响.蛋白酶活力测定采用福林一酚法,脂肪酶活力测定采用水解法,淀粉酶活力和纤维素酶活力测定采用水杨酸显色法.试验结果表明,除脂肪酶外,盐度对消化道内消化酶活力具有显著影响(P＜0.05).淀粉酶和蛋白酶在盐度30时活力最大,而纤维素酶在盐度26时活力最大.     

奶牛体型线性性状与其成年奶当量相关与通径分析

本文对1990—1991年度双桥农场3个奶牛场603头荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状评分与其成年奶当量进行了相关通径分析,数据采用dBASE Ⅱ进行管理,应用Turo-Basic编程在AST-286进行计算分析。分析表明：奶牛体型线性性状中,乳房深与成年奶当量呈较强负相关r=-0．4266;尻宽与产奶量呈正相关(r=0．2939);这二者是影响成年奶当量的主要性状。     

DNA Immunization Against Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus with VP2‐4‐3 Gene and Chicken IL‐6 Gene

The present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the DNA vaccine to protect chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection. A plasmid DNA carrying VP2‐4‐3 genes of vvIBDV SH95 and a plasmid DNA carrying chicken interleukin‐6 (ChIL‐6) genes were constructed and designated as pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 respectively. Several DNA vaccination experiments were performed: 1‐week‐old chickens were intramuscularly injected with only plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2, pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 or mixture with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6. The chickens at 4 weeks old were orally inoculated with vvIBDV SH95. The results showed that immunization with the mixture of pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 three times conferred protection for 90% of chickens. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres in chickens immunized together with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 were higher than those immunized simply with plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2 or pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3. IBDV was not detected in the bursa of the protected chickens at 8 days after challenge by RT‐PCR. The results indicate that protection against vvIBDV can be achieved by using the VP2‐4‐3 gene of vvIBDV as a DNA vaccine. Furthermore, the simultaneous injection of ChIL‐6 plasmid significantly increased the protection after challenge with the very virulent strain.     

新近发现的非典型疯牛病介绍

2004年2月《美国科学院院刊》报道了Monaco等人在2003年8月份在意大利发现的一种非典型BSE。这种非典型：BSE比人们以前所认识到的：BSE(以下称“典型BSE”)更像人CJD。     

封育年限对伊犁绢蒿荒漠土壤有机氮组分的影响

为探究荒漠土壤有机氮组分对封育年限的响应规律,研究了不同封育年限(封育时间为0、1、4和11a)对中度退化伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)荒漠草地土壤全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、轻组氮(light fraction organic nitrogen,LFON)、颗粒氮(particulate organic nitrogen,PON)、微生物量氮(soil microbial biomass nitrogen,SMBN)及其分配比例的影响。结果表明,与封育0a相比,其它封育年限5-10、10-20、30-50cm土层的TN含量均显著降低(P0.05),且0-50cm土层TN含量随封育年限延长呈"降-升"趋势;封育11a,0-5cm土层PON含量达到最高,而封育4a,5-10和20-30cm土层PON分配比例显著增加;0-20cm土层LFON含量增加显著,且0-5cm土层含量最高。0-50cm土层SMBN随封育年限增加呈"降-升"趋势,而封育4a,5-10和20-30cm土层SMBN分配比例显著高于封育0a和封育1a(P0.05);0-10cm土层LFON和0-50cm土层LFONR与封育年限呈显著正相关。总之,短期封育(1~11a)下,中度退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠土壤全氮含量仍未得到恢复,但促进了LFON、PON、SMBN及其分配比例的增加。     

非协调耦合视角下长江经济带高质量发展与生态保护的时空特征

[目的]科学测度长江经济带高质量发展和生态保护的非协调耦合度,为推动长江经济带高质量发展与生态保护提供科学依据.[方法]通过构建高质量发展与生态保护综合评价指标体系,以长江经济带108个城市为研究对象,采用非协调耦合、空间自相关等方法,探究了 2005-2018年长江经济带高质量发展与生态保护的非协调耦合关系.[结果]...     

反光膜对育肥羔羊生理指标和生长性能的影响

该研究对单彩钢屋顶外表面铺设反光膜,以解决实际生产中单彩钢屋顶育肥羊舍热应激严重的问题。选择两栋建筑结构相同的敞棚羊舍,其中一栋单彩钢屋顶外铺反光膜（铺膜舍）,另一栋单彩钢舍作为对照（对照舍）。利用红外热像仪对夏季（6－8月份）屋顶内表面温度进行阶段性（前期第1～7 天、中期第8～37天和后期第38～67天）热成像分析,同时计算各阶段屋顶内表面辐射热,并通过测定育肥羔羊生长性能和生理指标评价反光膜缓解育肥羔羊热应激的效果。结果表明：1）试验期间对照舍屋顶内表面温度、屋顶内表面辐射热均在11:30达到最高值,铺膜舍则在14:00达到峰值;整个试验期铺膜舍屋顶内表面温度较对照舍平均降低7.31 ℃,尤其每天9:00-16:30降低显著（P<0.05）,此外,铺膜舍屋顶内表面辐射热较对照舍降低8.85%。2）试验全期铺膜舍环境温度较对照舍平均降低0.55 ℃,尤其前期9:00-13:00显著降低,达1.78 ℃（P<0.05）。 另外,舍内环境温度与屋顶内表面温度、屋顶内表面辐射热均表现出显著线性正相关关系（P<0.01）;3）试验全期铺膜舍羔羊日均质量增加较对照舍显著提高10.97%（P<0.05）,试验中期和后期两舍育肥羔羊的饮水量存在显著差异（P<0.05）,分别较对照舍提高15.58%和12.66%;呼吸频率较对照舍降低5.31%（P<0.05）。可见,单彩钢屋顶外铺反光膜可有效改善屋顶的隔热性能,改善育肥羔羊的生理指标和生长性能,缓解其热应激。