新疆5种野生葱属植物叶片解剖比较

实验旨在比较新疆5种野生葱属植物叶片解剖,分析其适应环境能力,筛选出适宜推广的野生葱属植物。本实验以引种在新疆农业大学试验基地的5种野生葱属植物叶片为实验材料,通过石蜡切片法,在光学显微镜下观察叶片解剖结构。实验结果显示,1号、4号和6号的大维管束数越多,叶片长势越好,适应能力强。2号和3号的大维管束数越少,叶片长势越弱,适应能力差。1号、4号和6号的适应环境的能力比2号、3号强,可在适宜区域进行推广。     

湖羊初生重性状影响因素分析及遗传力估计

【目的】研究旨在分析场、出生季节、出生月份、出生类型和性别对湖羊初生重性状的影响,并估计该性状的遗传力。【方法】运用SAS 9.2软件对2021年新疆地区3个规模化湖羊养殖企业共计4 570只母羊所产的8 352只羔羊初生重作非遗传因素分析,使用DMU软件对湖羊初生重性状进行方差组分估计,并使用两种单性状动物模型估计该性状的遗传力,根据赤池信息准则(Akaike’s information criterion, AIC)确定最佳固定效应组合和动物模型。【结果】场、出生季节、出生月份、出生类型和性别对湖羊的初生重均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。场1和场2羔羊初生重无显著差异(P>0.05),且均极显著大于场3羔羊的初生重(P<0.01);冬季出生的羔羊的初生重整体较大,其中以1月出生的羔羊初生重最大;出生类型越丰富,其羔羊初生重越小,各出生类型间羔羊初生重均呈现出极显著差异(P<0.01);根据单性状动物模型(考虑母体效应)的计算得出,湖羊初生重性状的直接、母体、总体遗传力分别为0.251、0.668、0.211,属于中等遗传力。【结论】在对羊场首年的生产数据分析...     

Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and S(+)‐ketamine in rabbits

ObjectiveTo evaluate total intravenous anesthesia with propofol alone or in combination with S(+)-ketamine in rabbits undergoing surgery.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded trial.AnimalsNine 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5–3 kg.MethodsAnimals received acepromazine (0.1 mg kg^?1) and buprenorphine (20 μg kg^?1) IM, and anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg kg^?1) and S(+)-ketamine (1 mg kg^?1) IV. Rabbits received two of three treatments: propofol (0.8 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) (control treatment, P), propofol (0.8 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) + S(+)-ketamine (100 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) (PK100) or propofol (0.8 mg kg^?1 minute^?1) + S(+)-ketamine (200 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) (PK200). All animals received 100% O₂ during anesthesia. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were measured every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. Blood-gas parameters were measured at zero time and 60 minutes. Additional propofol injections, if necessary, and recovery time were recorded.ResultsAn increase in heart rate was observed in P and PK200 up to 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure decreased from baseline values during the first 10 minutes in P and PK200, and during the first 15 minutes and between 45 and 55 minutes in PK100. A reduction in respiratory rate was observed after 5 minutes in all treatments. Respiratory acidosis was observed in all treatments. Six (2.8) [median (interquartile range)] further propofol injections were necessary in P, which differed statistically from PK100 [1 (0.2)] and PK200 [2 (0.6)]. Recovery time was shorter in P compared with PK100 and PK200, being [7.5 minutes (4.11)], [17.5 minutes (10.30)], and [12 minutes (10.30)], respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceS(+)-ketamine potentiates propofol-induced anesthesia in rabbits, providing better maintenance of heart rate. All of these techniques were accompanied by clinically significant respiratory depression.     

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Rice: Constraints and Possible Solutions

Genetic transformation of rice(Oryza sativa L.) by introducing beneficial traits is now a central research instrument in plant physiology and a practical tool for plant improvement. Many approaches are verified for stable introduction of foreign genes into the plant genome. The review examined the different constraints that limit the success of rice genetic transformation via Agrobacterium-mediated approach and suggested possible solutions. Explant identification, gene transfer technique and construct to tailor the integration, transgene expression without collateral to genetic damage and transformant selection are among the technical challenges affecting the rice transformation. Despite the contests, Agrobacteriummediated transformation system has been a better option for producing transgenic rice varieties because of its exact T-DNA processing and simple integration of low copy-number transgene. This information is necessary for improving the transformation system for recalcitrant rice varieties.     

Screening for Spikelet Fertility and Validation of Heat Tolerance in a Large Rice Mutant Population

A total of 10 000 M4 individuals in Jao Hom Nil (JHN) mutant population was treated with high temperature (40 ℃ to 45 ℃) during the day time (6 h) from the booting to the harvesting stages, and ambient temperature (33 ℃ to 35℃) was used as the control. The results of screening and yield trials found that the mutant line M9962 had a high spikelet fertility of 78% under heat stress. In addition, the other mutant lines, including M3181 and M7988, had a spikelet fertility of approximately 70%. However, the JHN wild type, Sin Lek, RD15 and RD33 had very low spikelet fertility of 34%, 14%, 9% and 4%, respectively. The lower spikelet fertility at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grain and contributed to a loss in 100-grain weight. M9962 is a potential genetic stock for use in a heat tolerance breeding programme. In addition, spikelet fertility at high temperature was representative of heat tolerance and can be used as a screening trait for heat tolerance during the reproductive phase on a large scale.     

野生盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交后代体尺和体重杂种优势率的比较分析

【目的】测定巴什拜羊和野生盘羊后代的杂种优势率,确定最佳杂交组合,为横交固定提供依据。【方法】以巴什拜羊与野生盘羊杂种后代回交一代、回交二代羊,初生、4.5月龄及周岁时体尺、体重的测定资料和巴什拜羊与一代杂种羊两个亲本平均表型值之间的杂种优势率进行比较分析。【结果】回交二代羊初生、4.5月龄、周岁时体重的杂种优势率为9.25%、17.74%、13.7%,比回交一代羊杂种优势率(6.25%、7%、9.8%)高,差异不显著(P>0.05);回交二代羊初生至周岁生长发育节段中,4.5月龄时体重杂种优势率最高17.74%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。【结论】回交二代4～5月龄羔羊出栏盈利和杂种优势最好,瘦肉型明显,是横交固定的最佳世代。     

新疆额敏县也木勒白羊(暂名)羔羊的屠宰测定

研究通过随机抽样的方式,从也木勒白羊核心群里抽出4～5月龄羔羊公、母各15只(共30只)进行屠宰、剔肉,并通过测定分析,初步得出了也木勒白羊羔羊的屠宰率(54;)、胴体重(15.56 kg)、骨肉比(1∶3.38 kg)、净肉率(40.5;)和脂臀比率(3.8;)等主要产肉指标指数.研究结构又证实,也木勒白羊的脂臀小,瘦肉多,属于不可多见得产肉型绵羊类群.同时,为今后也木勒白羊的选育,提高及发展等育种工作及将来制定品种标准和鉴定标准提供依据.     

绵羊高繁殖力基因的研究及利用

文章就BMPR-IB基因、BMP4基因和BMPR-IA基因等几个高繁殖力基因和尚需深入研究的高繁殖力基因(GnRHR、INHA、FSHβ以及PGR)在绵羊上的研究做了简要概述,旨在为探讨绵羊高繁殖力的形成规律提供理论依据。     

三种阿魏种子萌发特性的研究

阿魏是重要的民族药材,其药材来源于新疆阿魏等几种植物。收集到全裂叶阿魏、新疆阿魏和托里阿魏三种植物种子,从种子外观特征、千粒重、吸水性、萌发特征、及温度层积处理等方面进行了较全面的研究,目的是阐明几种种子的萌发特性。研究表明,三种阿魏种子具有快速吸水能力,但种子萌发率不同。全裂叶阿魏种子不存在萌发困难。托里阿魏与新疆阿魏种子存在不同程度生理休眠,低温层积可打破种子的休眠,经高温-低温层积过程的处理,可有效提高种子的发芽率。托里阿魏在高温(25℃/15℃)处理14 d,再低温(4℃)层积处理42 d时萌发率可达46%;新疆阿魏在高温处理42 d,再低温层积处理56 d时萌发率可达64%。     

基于微卫星多重PCR技术的特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子鉴定

本研究旨在建立一套适用于特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子关系的鉴定体系。试验选取11个微卫星标记位点进行组合扩增，通过优化微卫星标记位点组合的引物浓度、退火温度及反应体系等条件，建立了4组多重PCR体系，对多重PCR扩增产物采用毛细管电泳进行基因型分型，经PROSize3.0软件读取基因型分型结果，Cervus 3.0软件分析群体的遗传多样性，鉴定特克塞尔×哈萨克级进F2代（特哈级进F2）和横交F2代（特哈横交F2）的亲子关系。结果表明，特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2的等位基因数为180和140、平均等位基因数为16.364和12.727、平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.533和0.544、平均期望杂合度（He）为0.807和0.831、平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.783和0.803。对特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2两个品种70只候选亲本和64只候选子代的11个微卫星标记位点进行亲子关系鉴定，结果表明：当双亲基因型未知时的累积排除概率（CE-1P）为0.9995和0.9997；当单亲基因型已知时的累积排除概率（CE-2P）均达到1.0000；双亲基因型已知的累计排除概率（CEPP）均达到1.0000。说明选择的11个微卫星标记位点具有高度的多态性和较高的排除概率，适用于遗传分析和个体的亲子鉴定。利用微卫星标记建立的特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子鉴定体系为分析绵羊群体遗传多样性和辅助育种工作提供了理论依据。