Analysis of DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression Level of MSTN Gene in Xinjiang Bashiby Sheep

In order to investigate DNA methylation and expression levels of myostatin (MSTN) gene in mscule and fat, 5 months of age of Bashiby sheep were selected, the promoter region and exon 1 methylation levels of MSTN gene was analyzed using bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression level of MSTN gene in biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle and tail fat of Bashiby sheep. The results showed that the methylation probability of muscle was higher than fat, the methylation probability of biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle and tail fat were 74.2%, 74.2%, 83.2%, 83.7%, 82.1% and 25.3%, respectively. The expression levels of MSTN gene in biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly lower than tail fat in Bashiby sheep (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among biceps femoris, femoral triceps, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and longissimus dorsi muscle (P > 0.05).The DNA methylation was negatively correlated with the expression levels in muscle and fat of Bashiby sheep (r=-0.886, P < 0.05).     

Importance of chlorogenic acid on the oxidative potential of potato tubers of two German cultivars

Summary Two German cultivars differing in blackspot susceptibility were grown in pots in 1998 and 1999 under control and water stress conditions. Blackspot susceptibility of the tubers was defined as oxidative potential. The effect of free tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine, chlorogenic and ascorbic acid on the oxidative potential was analyzed. A high concentration of ascorbic acid led to a decrease in the oxidative potential after harvesting in 1998. No correlation was found between oxidative potential and free tyrosine, phenylalanine or cysteine, respectively. Chlorogenic acid content increased during storage and gave a significant correlation with discoloration, showing that it can have an effect on the oxidative potential of the tuber greater than previously thought. Supplementing freeze-dried potato samples with pure chlorogenic acid increased the oxidative potential. Oxidative potential seems to depend on a series of chemical compounds, and their content is affected by factors including annual variations, cultivar, water availability and storage.     

Different Months of MSTN Gene mRNA Expression Levels and their Correlation with Growth Traits in Five Xinjiang Local Sheep

To explore the different varieties of five Xinjiang local sheep myostatin (MSTN) expression levels and their correlation with growth traits (body weight,body height,body length,heart girth and cannon circumference).The MSTN mRNA expression level in different month(Birth,1 months,2 months,3 months,4 months,5 months) of muscle and fat in Altay sheep,Turpan Black sheep,Emil White sheep,Kazakh sheep,Bashbay sheep by quantitative Real-time PCR method,using SPSS 19.0 software to analyze the correlation with growth traits.The MSTN mRNA expression levels in muscle:The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Kazakh sheep and Bashbay sheep at birth were lower than other months;The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Emil White sheep in 3 months was significantly lower than other months (P<0.05);The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Turpan Black sheep were the highest in 4 months;The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Kazakh sheep was the lowest at birth,and was the highest in 5 months.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in fat:The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Emil White sheep at birth was significantly lower than other months (P<0.05); The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels of Altay sheep,Emil White sheep and Bashbay sheep were the highest in 5 months,the MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Bashbay sheep in 5 months was significantly higher than other months (P<0.05);The MSTN gene mRNA expression level of Kazakh sheep was the highest in 2 month,it was significantly higher than 5 months (P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that the MSTN gene mRNA expression levels were mostly negatively correlated with growth traits.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle and fat of Altay sheep were all negatively correlated with growth traits;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Turpan Black sheep were negative correlated with body length and body height,others were positively;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Emil White sheep were positive correlated with heart girth and cannon circumference;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in fat were positive correlated with body length,others were negatively correlation;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle and fat of Kazakh sheep were positive correlated with body length,others were negatively correlation;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels in muscle of Bashbay sheep were positive correlated with body length and cannon circumference,others were negatively correlation.The MSTN gene mRNA expression level was discrepancy in different month of different varieties,and was no fixed expression pattern;The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with the part of the body size.The MSTN gene mRNA expression levels might have a direct relationship with the growth traits and bone growth.     

新疆伊贝母菌核病的初步研究

为摸清伊贝母菌核病在伊犁巩留县的发生规律,为开展综合防治提供依据,通过田间调查及室内分离培养等方法,确定伊贝母菌核病病原为Stromatinia rapulum (Bull) Boud,属于子囊菌亚门、盘菌纲、柔膜菌目核盘菌科、座盘菌属。病原在15～20℃条件下培养,第10天开始产生菌核,在20℃时产生的菌核数量最多。4月底至五月中旬均可发生,在低温多湿、地势低洼、排水不良的条件下极易发生。以菌丝或菌核在土壤病残体或病鳞茎上存活,成为初次侵染。     

和田绿洲土地沙化及其防治措施

和田地区由于自然地理环境及人类活动的不良影响，风沙灾害严重，大量绿洲被沙漠吞噬。农业生态条件日益恶化，已危及了国民经济的发展。在保持生态平衡的前提下，通过对河流进行全面治理，恢复植被，防风固沙。保存和繁荣和田绿洲已成为当务之急。     

An assessment of the drought tolerance of Fraxinus genotypes for urban landscape plantings

The Fraxinus genus consists of ca. 65 deciduous, rarely evergreen trees found mainly throughout Europe, Asia and North America. Fraxinus species possess the aesthetic characteristics desired of urban trees (autumn colour, attractive bark and flowers); however, no scientifically based tolerance ranking exists for many genotypes within this genera. Aims of this study were to identify whether differences in drought tolerance exist within the Fraxinus genus and thereby provide information as to their usefulness for planting in urban landscapes where water stress poses a threat to transplant survival. At the cessation of a 2-week drought stress and subsequent recovery period, marked differences in drought tolerance among genotypes were distinguished based on net photosynthesis, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration. In addition, measurement of light absorbance, light trapping, electron transport and dissipation fluxes per leaf cross section of photosystem II at the cessation of the drought period provided an insight into mechanisms of drought damage and resilience among the genotypes tested. The results of this investigation indicate that F. excelsior ‘Aurea Pendula’, F. nigra Marsh., F. ornus L., F. angustifolia ‘Raywood’, F. excelsior L. and F. excelsior ‘Jaspidea’ should be considered for urban planting sites, where water supply is limited. Care should be taken when planting F. americana L., F. americana ‘Autumn Purple’ and F. velutina Torr., into urban environments as results indicated these species are sensitive to drought.     

野生盘羊与巴什拜羊第二代杂种羔羊生长发育规律的研究

对野生盘羊与巴什拜羊第二代杂种羔羊生长发育进行测定,通过对第二代杂种羔羊初生前的生长发育、哺乳期的生长发育测定,并且绘制了累积生长、绝对生长和相对生长曲线图.计算分析生长发育的速度、强度等指标,并与纯巴什拜羔羊比较.测定结果表明:第二代杂种羔羊在胚胎期四肢生长强度比躯体强,这一点继承了盘羊的遗传特性;从初生到断奶期间躯体的生长速度和强度较好,这方面继承了巴什拜羊早期生长发育快的遗传特征,但在体尺指标和外部特征上野生基因占优势,为今后巴什拜羊与野生盘羊杂交改良工作提供科学依据.     

日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对粤黄鸡繁殖性能和血浆中雌激素和孕酮水平的影响

将567只14周龄的粤黄母鸡分为7个组饲养于双层的种鸡笼中，各组饲以不同的日粮：I)对照组，饲喂无外源添加锌和蛋氨酸的玉米—豆粕型基础日粮；Ⅱ)饲喂添加氧化锌的相同基础日粮；Ⅲ)饲喂添加蛋氨酸的相同基础日粮；Ⅳ)饲喂按N．R．C标准配制的基础日粮；V)饲喂添加低剂量蛋氨酸锌的基础日粮；Ⅵ)饲喂添加中剂量蛋氨酸锌的基础日粮；Ⅶ)饲喂添加高剂量蛋氨酸锌的基础日粮．上述日粮中锌的水平分别为：30．09，70．09，30．09，70．09，78．69，97．19和134．20mg/kg．蛋氨酸的水平分别为：0．28％，0．28％，0．36％，0．36％，0．37％，0．38％和0．38％．实验表明：日粮中添加外源性的锌和蛋氨酸可影响母鸡的蛋质量、受精率、孵化率和血浆中孕酮和雌激素的水平，其中，锌水平分别为70．09，70．09和78．69mg／kg；蛋氨酸的水平分别为0．28％，0．36％和0．37％的第Ⅱ、第Ⅳ和第Ⅴ组，上述指标均显著高于对照组，但日粮中Zn和蛋氨酸的量高于78．69mg/kg和0．37％水平，对种鸡的受精率、孵化率、产蛋量以及血浆中孕酮和雌激素均无促进作用．     

2种发芽床对阜康阿魏种子萌发的影响

目的:揭示阜康阿魏种子发芽规律,研究砂培和纸培对阜康阿魏种子萌发的影响,为人工栽培提供理论依据.方法:用砂培和纸培2种发芽床对种子作发芽试验,测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及胚根生长量.结果:发现2种发芽床对发芽率有影响,对发芽后胚根生长长度影响较大.结论:种子4℃温度下打破休眠.发芽势,发芽指数主要集中在30 ～40 d,种子萌发时用纸培比较好,而在胚根培养时选用砂培比较好.     

Control versus no control: options for avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria

In January 2006, an outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was recorded in Nigeria for the first time. This present work describes an estimation of possible costs associated with a vaccination-based control policy added to other measures to restrict HPAI H5N1 virus infections. The evaluations used epidemiological and production data, including budgets necessary for the vaccine acquisition, distribution and administration in arriving at the final costs. Using decision tree and cost benefit analysis the economical benefits for Nigeria and countries with similar veterinary infrastructures, biosecurity and farming systems are calculated. The result indicated that a halting in the continued spread of the virus through effective control measure will be 52 times better than taking no action. This should help policy makers in deciding in favour of vaccination combined with other tools as an effective means of controlling avian influenza H5N1. * Control of HPAI H5N1 will best be understood by policy makers in financial terms. * Effective control through vaccination of poultry is much cheaper and reduces the chances of human zoonoses. * Poultry vaccination combined with other control measures will be the most effective means of control in most developing economies.