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111.
Suriya R Hassan L Omar AR Aini I Tan CG Lim YS Kamaruddin MI 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(7):342-351
Following a series of H5N1 cases in chickens and birds in a few states in Malaysia, there was much interest in the influenza A viruses subtypes that circulate among the local pig populations. Pigs may act as a mixing vessel for avian and mammal influenza viruses, resulting in new reassorted viruses. This study investigated the presence of antibodies against influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in pigs from Peninsular Malaysia using Herdcheck Swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 Antibody Test Kits. At the same time, the presence of influenza virus was examined from the nasal swabs of seropositive pigs by virus isolation and real time RT-PCR. The list of pig farms was obtained from the headquarters of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia, and pig herds were selected randomly from six of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 727 serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 4- to 6-month-old pigs between May and August 2005. By ELISA, the seroprevalences of swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 among pigs were 12.2% and 12.1% respectively. Seropositivity for either of the virus subtypes was detected in less than half of the 41 sampled farms (41.4%). Combination of both subtypes was detected in 4% of all pigs and in 22% of sampled farms. However, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected from nasal samples. This study identified that the seropositivity of pigs to H1N1 and H3N2 based on ELISA was significantly associated with factors such as size of farm, importation or purchase of pigs, proximity of farm to other pig farms and the presence of mammalian pets within the farm. 相似文献
112.
Effects of illite supplementation on in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation,microbial population and methane emission of Hanwoo steers fed high concentrate diets 下载免费PDF全文
Ashraf A. Biswas Sung‐Sill Lee Lovelia L. Mamuad Seon‐Ho Kim Yeon‐Jae Choi Chanhee Lee Kichoon Lee Gui‐Seck Bae Sang‐Suk Lee 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):114-121
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding supplemental illite to Hanwoo steers on methane (CH4) emission and rumen fermentation parameters. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was conducted using a commercial concentrate as substrate and illite was added at different concentrations as treatments: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% illite. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were different (P < 0.05) at 24 h of incubation where the highest total VFA was observed at 1.0% of illite. Conversely, lowest CH4 production (P < 0.01) was found at 1.0% of illite. In the in vivo experiment, two diets were provided, without illite and with addition of 1% illite. An automated head chamber (GreenFeed) system was used to measure enteric CH4 production. Cattle received illite supplemented feed increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentrations in the rumen compared with those fed control. Feeding illite numerically decreased CH4 production (g/day) and yield (g/kg dry matter intake). Rumen microbial population analysis indicated that the population of total bacteria, protozoa and methanogens were lower (P < 0.05) for illite compared with the control. Accordingly, overall results suggested that feeding a diet supplemented with 1% illite can have positive effects on feed fermentation in the rumen and enteric CH4 mitigation in beef cattle. 相似文献
113.
Although the widespread occurrence of calf diarrhoea (CD) bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infections have been reported in most cattle producing countries, only the genetic differences in the BCoVs from American and Canadian isolates and/or strains have been identified and compared. Hence, it is unclear if the BCoVs circulating in the other countries have distinct genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of CD BCoVs based on the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the spike (S) and haemagglutinin/esterase (HE) proteins in South Korea. RT-PCR and nested PCR using the primer pairs specific to the nucleocapsid gene, BCoVs detected the BCoVs in 56 (15.6%) of 359 diarrhoeic faecal samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the entire S gene indicated that 10 Korean CD BCoV strains clustered with other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms but were different from the American and Canadian BCoV strains. Moreover, the phylogenetic data of the aa sequences of the HE gene revealed all the Korean CD strains to be distinct from the other Korean BCoV strains with different clinical forms. These results suggest that the Korean BCoVs cause endemic infections in diarrhoeic calves in Jeonnam province and have taken a different evolutionary pathway from the BCoVs in other countries. Moreover, the different BCoV strains are circulating in the different clinical forms in South Korea. These results also suggest that vaccines against the BCoVs can be developed with each Korean BCoV in different clinical forms. 相似文献
114.
Shortening in a conventional yellow layer cake was replaced by maltodextrin (MD), amylodextrin (AD), octenyl succinylated amylodextrin (OSAD), or mixtures (MD+AD and MD+OSAD). The physical and sensory characteristics of the shortening‐free cakes were investigated. The specific gravity and viscosity of the cake batter, and the volume index of the baked cake were significantly reduced by MD, whereas the cake with added AD or OSAD showed a higher volume index than the control cake containing the shortening. An equivalent mixture of MD and AD, or MD and OSAD, however, produced cakes with a volume index and color defined as ΔE*(ab) that was similar to the control cake. Sensory evaluation revealed that the cakes containing AD or OSAD had significantly higher firmness than the control, but the cakes containing a mixture of MD and AD had firmness, springiness, and overall flavor scores similar to that of the control cake. According to instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA), MD addition, either alone or mixed with AD or OSAD, reduced firmness, whereas AD addition made the cake significantly firmer. When the shortening‐free cakes were stored for eight days at 4°C, TPA revealed greater changes in cake firmness and adhesiveness for MD alone. Cakes made from mixtures of dextrins (MD+AD and MD+OSAD) showed textural change with storage similar to that of the control cake, although the MD+AD cake remained softer than the control. 相似文献
115.
Yukinori Mukai Audrey Daning Tuzan Leong Seng Lim Syahirah Yahaya 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):457-461
Sutchi catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus hatch with morphologically immature sensory organs; however, sensory organs develop rapidly with larval growth. Two-day-old
larvae commenced ingesting Artemia nauplii. The larvae displayed many taste buds on the barbels, the head surface, and in the buccal cavity. Other sense organs
were also well developed at this stage. Feeding experiments revealed that 2-day-old larvae ingested Artemia under both light and dark conditions, moreover, the larvae could ingest frozen dead Artemia. The ingestion rates for 4- and 7-day-old larvae were significantly higher under dark conditions than under light conditions.
The rates using frozen dead Artemia were mostly higher than the rates using live Artemia. Therefore, feeding behavior under dark conditions is most likely not mediated by visual or mechanical senses, but rather
by chemosensory senses, such as taste buds. Larval fish are vulnerable to predators; thus, if they can search for and eat
food at night, they can avoid diurnal predators. The behavior observed here appears to represent their survival strategy.
Moreover, these results suggest a new possibility that sutchi catfish larvae can be reared under dark or dim light conditions
in order to improve survival and growth rates as in the case of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. 相似文献
116.
117.
Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of the cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) for replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets for juvenile and ongrowing parrot fish with or without iron and phytase. In experiment I, juvenile parrot fish (BW: 3.17 g) were fed one of six experimental diets for 12 weeks which were formulated to replace FM protein by equal proportion (1:1, w:w) of CS at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% (designated as CS0, CS10, CS20, CS30, CS40, or CS50, respectively). In experiment II, ongrowing parrot fish (BW: 55 g) were fed one of five experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental diets were formulated to replace FM protein by CS at 0, 20, or 30% (designated as CS0, CS20, or CS30, respectively) and to include ferrous sulfate (0.1 and 0.2%) and phytase into the CS20 and CS30 diets (CS20 + Fe&P and CS30 +Fe&P, respectively). Results from the two feeding trials indicated that the CS could replace up to 20% FM protein in diets for juvenile parrot fish (3–22 g) and up to 30% in ongrowing (55–120 g) parrot fish. The supplemental effect of iron and phytase was not significant on growth performance. Total or each gossypol enantiomer concentration in the liver increased as the level of dietary cottonseed meal increased. However, gossypol in the liver of fish fed diets supplemented with iron was not detected. The dietary supplementation of CS significantly reduced the levels of plasma triacyglycerols and total cholesterol. The present study indicates that plant protein sources are better utilized in larger fish, and that up to approximately 30% FM protein could be replaced by CS with iron and phytase in the presence of supplemental lysine and methionine. 相似文献
118.
Mediha Yildirim‐Aksoy Chhorn Lim Richard Shelby Phillip H Klesius 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(1):76-86
Growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance were studied in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed a commercial diet (35.3% crude protein and 5.6% lipid) supplemented with menhaden fish oil at levels of 0, 3, 6, and 9% for 15 wk. Dietary fish oil levels did not significantly influence growth performance of catfish. Fatty acid compositions of whole‐body and liver reflected dietary fatty acid composition. No differences were found in hematological values, except that fish fed the 9% fish oil diet had significantly lower hematocrit. The resistance of erythrocytes to hemolysis in hypotonic solutions increased with increasing fish oil levels and the highest resistance was seen with the 9% fish oil diet. Fish fed 6 and 9% added fish oil diets had significantly higher serum protein levels than that of control fish. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed 3 and 6% added fish oil diet was significantly higher than that of the control. Complement activity and chemotaxis ratio significantly decreased in fish fed diets with 6 or 9% added fish oil. The 3% added fish oil diet, however, had significantly highest natural hemolytic complement activity. Mortality from Edwardsiella ictaluri 14 d postchallenge and antibody titers to E. ictaluri did not differ among treatments. 相似文献
119.
In Taek Hwang Kyung Sik Hong Jung Sup Choi Jin-Seog Kim Ju Hyun Yu Young Kwan Ko Jae Wook Ryu Hae Sung Chang Dae-Whang Kim Kwang Yun Cho 《Pest management science》1999,55(5):578-580
The new benzenesulfonylurea K-11451, an α-hydroxy-β-fluoropropyl- compound, applied at 3–9 g ha −1, controlled annual and perennial weeds grown in submerged paddy soil under greenhouse conditions. It effectively controlled barnyardgrass at growth stages varying from pre-emergence to the five-leaf stage. The compound inhibited acetolactate synthase, I50 values for the enzyme isolated from barnyardgrass and rice being 56 and 67 nM , respectively. K-11451 inhibited the growth of rice when it was transplanted at a shallow depth (0–1 cm) and water leaching from the paddy soil was high (3–5 cm per day). With a water depth of 3 cm, the compound appeared to move readily down into the paddy soil and had the relatively short half-life of 15.2 days under submerged paddy conditions. A mixture of K-11451 + mefenecet + daimuron (9 + 250 + 250 g ha−1) controlled almost all weeds in the paddy field without injury to rice, so that the combination could be used as a ‘one-shot’ herbicide in rice culture. 相似文献
120.
Corn starch was extruded with a corotating twin-screw extruder (24:1 L/D ratio, 31-mm screw diameter) and supercritical CO2 was injected as a blowing agent. The effects of barrel temperature (80–90°C), screw speed (150–250 rpm), and water injection (30–54 g/min) on specific mechanical energy (SME) input for the process and the physical properties of extrudates, such as expansion ratio, water absorption (WA), water solubility (WS), breaking stress, and elastic modulus, were examined using a response surface methodology. Barrel temperature had the greatest effect on physical properties of extrudates but not on SME input, whereas screw speed and water injection had significant effects on SME input. Extrudates had a smooth surface, and air cells were uniform and closed, providing low WA and WS. Using superimposed contour plots, optimum barrel temperature, screw speed, and water injection rate, based on maximum expansion ratio and minimum SME input, were 94–96°C, 155–175 rpm, and 36–39 g/min, respectively. 相似文献