魔芋快繁体系建立和人工种子研制

附加1mg/1NAA 和1mg/1BA 的 MS 培养基,既适于花魔芋块茎愈伤组织诱导,也适于继代培养。愈伤组织在0.05mg/1NAA 和1mg/1BA 培养基上,芽分化率较高。在无植物生长调节剂的培养基上,芽生长较快且粗壮。在未消毒土壤中,加有多种抗菌剂的魔芋芽型人工种子的转化率为12.5％,比不加抗菌剂的人工种子转换率高1倍多。     

哈尔滨城市人工林木本植物的多样性

采用样地网格调查方法与多样性指数分析方法,定量评价了哈尔滨城市人工林在维持木本植物多样性方面的作用,并通过分析林分更新层、演替层、主林层的多样性指数,探讨了城市人工林自然化过程及其近自然经营途径,以便为哈尔滨城市森林经营与生物多样性保护提供依据。结果表明:哈尔滨城市人工林经过40余年的发展,其林分由11～16种木本植物所组成,其中乔木6～9种,灌木4～7种,存在着明显的自然化过程;不同城市人工林类型在维持木本植物多样性作用方面存在着较大的差异性,其多样性指数(0.8282～2.3411)由高到低排序为兴安落叶松林>樟子松林>白桦林>黄檗林>水曲柳林>胡桃楸林;城市人工林木本多样性指数仅相当于相应区域天然次生林的47.0%(24.0%～67.8%),表明其自然化程度不如天然次生林强烈。同时指出,对城市人工林应采取近自然化的经营模式,即保持城市人工林的树种组成结构和垂直层次结构,以维持其生物多样性与自然演替过程。     

黄须菜的营养成分分析及评价

对野生蔬菜黄须菜的营养成分进行的分析表明，每１００ｇ样品含蛋白质４．１ｇ维生素Ｃ５２ｍｇ，β－胡萝卜素３．７８ｍｇ维生素Ｅ０．２３ｍｇ，维生素Ｋ１０．１５ｍｇ，引外还含有丰富的Ｂ族维生素，粗纤维，矿物和氨基酸等。     

优良马尾松种源营造速生丰产林技术研究

选用广西宁明县桐棉松和福建明溪县马尾松二个种源,在明溪县夏阳乡倒麻岭马尾松速生丰产样板林中设立马尾松速生丰产试验林。分别进行了种源、立地条件、育苗技术措施、造林成活率和营林措施等五个方面试验。幼林阶段结果表明,广西优良种源桐棉马尾松具有明显生长优势。并探讨了桐棉松播种期合理定苗密度。控制水肥,促进苗木木质化,协调其高径比和冠根比,确保苗木质量,及造林的技术措施。     

普氏野马生理生化指标测定

报告了在武威地区饲养的普氏野马生理及血液生化正常值，并与同期检测的当地马做了比较。实验结果表明：红细胞总数、血红蛋白及血清钾含量极显著高于当地马，而血清胆碱脂酶却非常明显低于当地马，其余各项指标统计学差异不显著。     

A Study of Combining Elastin in the Chitosan Electrospinning to Increase the Mechanical Strength and Bioactivity

While electrospun chitosan membranes modified to retain nanofibrous morphology have shown promise for use in guided bone regeneration applications in in vitro and in vivo studies, their mechanical tear strengths are lower than commercial collagen membranes. Elastin, a natural component of the extracellular matrix, is a protein with extensive elastic property. This work examined the incorporation of elastin into electrospun chitosan membranes to improve their mechanical tear strengths and to further mimic the native extracellular composition for guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. In this work, hydrolyzed elastin (ES12, Elastin Products Company, USA) was added to a chitosan spinning solution from 0 to 4 wt% of chitosan. The chitosan–elastin (CE) membranes were examined for fiber morphology using SEM, hydrophobicity using water contact angle measurements, the mechanical tear strength under simulated surgical tacking, and compositions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and post-spinning protein extraction. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation in a lysozyme solution based on the mass loss and growth of fibroblastic cells. Chitosan membranes with elastin showed significantly thicker fiber diameters, lower water contact angles, up to 33% faster degradation rates, and up to seven times higher mechanical strengths than the chitosan membrane. The FTIR spectra showed stronger amide peaks at 1535 cm⁻¹ and 1655 cm⁻¹ in membranes with higher concentrated elastin, indicating the incorporation of elastin into electrospun fibers. The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay demonstrated an increase in protein concentration in proportion to the amount of elastin added to the CE membranes. In addition, all the CE membranes showed in vitro biocompatibility with the fibroblasts.     

Isomalabaricane Triterpenes from the Marine Sponge Rhabdastrella sp.

The marine sponge of the genus Geodia, Jaspis, Rhabdastrella, and Stelletta are characterized chemically by a variety of isomalabaricane triterpenes. This class of compounds drew spotlights in marine lead discovery due to their profound anti-proliferative properties. Further research on exploring its chemical diversity led to the identifications of two new isomalabaricane-type triterpenes rhabdastin H (1) and rhabdastin I (2). Their structures were unraveled using a series of spectroscopic approaches. These isolates were found to exhibit unique structural features with the only reported tetrahydrofuran functionality among all marine-derived isomalabaricanes. Both compounds 1 and 2 showed activities against K562 (IC₅₀ 11.7 and 9.8 μM) and Molt4 (IC₅₀ 16.5 and 11.0 μM) leukemic cells in MTT cell proliferative assay.     

Influence of paclobutrazol on photosynthesis rate and dry matter partitioning in the apple tree

Four‐year‐old ‘Aki Fuji’ apple trees in their second leaf of fruiting were used to study the influence of paclobutrazol on photosynthesis rate (Pn) and the partitioning of dry matter in the different parts of the tree. It was found that the Pn of paclobutrazol‐treated trees was significantly higher than the untreated check trees. This is partially accounted for by the higher light intensity in the canopy of the paclobutrazol‐treated trees. Production efficiency of the paclobutrazol‐treated trees was 2.6 times higher than that of the untreated check trees. Paclobutrazol significantly changed the partitioning pattern of dry matter in the different parts of the tree. A much higher percentage of total dry matter was distributed to the fruit. However, a higher percentage of dry matter was found in the root of the paclobutrazol‐treated trees than in the untreated trees, the difference being mainly in the lateral and fibrous roots. Total dry matter accumulated per m² of occupied land of the paclobutrazol‐treated tree was 4% greater than that of the untreated check trees, whereas total dry matter accumulated per kg of leaves was essentially the same in both trees. Whether calculated on the basis of per m² of occupied land or per kg of leaves, the dry matter distributed into the fruit and into the root was considerably greater in the paclobutrazol‐treated trees than the untreated trees.     

不同土地利用方式土壤温室气体排放对碳氮添加的响应

揭示不同土地利用方式下土壤N2O产生机制及其CO2和CH4的排放,有助于土壤温室气体减排措施的制定。本研究以长沙金井河流域酸性红壤上菜地、稻田、茶园和林地土壤为研究对象,控制温度和土壤含水量,采用静态培养-气相色谱法,研究4种利用方式土壤N2O、CO2和CH4的排放对不同碳氮和硝化抑制剂添加的响应。结果表明,由于土壤pH较低,酸性红壤外加氮源后仅有较小的N2O排放。葡萄糖能够促进尿素添加后N2O的排放及土壤反硝化作用N2O的排放。异养硝化作用可能是酸性红壤N2O产生的主要途径。硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）对酸性红壤N2O减排无明显效果。碳氮添加后土壤N2O的总排放量表现为茶园 > 菜地 > 稻田 > 林地。外源有机碳能够显著促进4种利用方式土壤CO2的排放,表现为茶园、稻田 > 菜地、林地。但除稻田土壤CH4排放增加外,菜地、茶园和林地土壤CH4排放对外源有机碳无明显响应。     

两种生物农药防治菜心黄曲条跳甲的研究

黄曲条跳甲 Phyllotreta striolata 是为害十字花科蔬菜的重大害虫?本文研究了种子丸粒化包衣?拌土撒施和叶面喷雾3种施药方式下苏云金杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis G033A和金龟子绿僵菌 Metarhizium anisopliae CQMa421对为害菜心 Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis 的黄曲条跳甲的防治效果?结果表明, 采用苏云金杆菌G033A和金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421进行种子丸粒化包衣处理的菜心, 叶片受害指数分别为6.71和9.93, 显著低于对照(31.79); 拌土撒施处理的菜心, 叶片受害指数分别为19.34和24.17, 显著低于对照(65.53); 〖JP+1〗叶面喷雾处理后第3?5?7天的校正防治效果分别为58.95%/52.37%?69.56%/64.04%和81.12%/70.09%?本研究探索了菜心生产中主要害虫的生物防治技术, 研究结果将为菜心生产过程黄曲条跳甲的有效防治提供技术支撑?