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排序方式: 共有992条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
961.
Zachary J. Goodrich VMD Bo Norby CMV MPVM PhD Bunita M. Eichelberger DVM MS Diplomate ACVR Wade O. Friedeck BS Hollye N. Callis BS Don A. Hulse DVM Diplomate ACVS Sharon C. Kerwin DVM MS Diplomate ACVS Derek B. Fox DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS W. Brian Saunders DVM PhD Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(7):791-803
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966.
William King V Brian Hooper Stephanie Hillsgrove Christopher Benton & David L Berlinsky 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1442-1449
Juvenile and adult black sea bass (Centropristis striata L.) were exposed to various concentrations of four anaesthetics to determine practical dosages for handling as well as for procedures such as bleeding, ovarian biopsy or tag implantation. In experiment 1, juveniles exposed to either 2.0 mg L?1 metomidate, 15 mg L?1 clove oil, 70 mg L?1 tricaine methanesulphonate (TMS) or 200 mg L?1 2‐phenoxyethanol (2‐PE) reached stage II of anaesthesia in 3–5 min and could be handled for weighing and measuring. All fish had completed recovery to stage III within 6 min. In experiment 2, the established concentrations of each anaesthetic were tested on juveniles to determine their ability to prevent a reflex to a subcutaneous needle puncture. All of the fish exposed to clove oil (20 mg L?1) and 40% of the TMS‐treated (70 mg L?1) fish reacted while none of the fish anaesthetized in metomidate (2.0 mg L?1) or 2‐PE (200 mg L?1) responded to the needle puncture. In experiment 3, metomidate (5.0 mg L?1), clove oil (30 mg L?1) TMS (125 mg L?1) or 2‐PE (300 mg L?1) were all effective for performing an ovarian biopsy or tag implantation on adults. In experiment 4, TMS (125 mg L?1) exacerbated the cortisol response to a short handling stressor during a 30 min exposure. Fish anaesthetized in 2‐PE (300 mg L?1), metomidate (5.0 mg L?1) or clove oil (40 mg L?1) had increased cortisol levels associated with the handling stressor but there were no further increases during the remainder of the experimental period. The results demonstrate that these anaesthetics are effective for sedation and anaesthesia of black sea bass and that the best choice is dependant upon the procedures to be performed. 相似文献
967.
There is growing societal and scientific interest in the welfare status of fish used for commercial enterprise. As animal welfare is primarily concerned with the quality of life of a conscious, sentient organism, the question of whether fishes are even capable of consciousness must first be addressed in order to assess their welfare status. Recently, there has been a resurgence of research investigating the biological basis for human consciousness, and our current understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying fish behaviour has likewise improved significantly. Combined, these research perspectives create an opportunity to better comprehend the phylogeny of traits associated with consciousness, as well as the emergence of consciousness itself during vertebrate evolution. Despite the availability of this literature, contemporary reviews or published studies investigating the probability of conscious states occurring in fishes often do so without considering new perspectives or data. In this paper, we review and critique recent publications that report equivocal conclusions favouring the absence or presence of consciousness in various fishes. By introducing other data into these analyses, we demonstrate that there are alternative perspectives which support the existence of consciousness in fishes as a plausible concept. An accurate assessment of the mental capacity of fishes will require enhanced knowledge of their forebrain neuroanatomy, an understanding of how such structures mediate behavioural responses, and an analysis of that information within the context of contemporary theory related to the evolution of consciousness in higher vertebrates. 相似文献
968.
Eranga K. Galappaththi Vasantha B. Susarla Samantha J. T. Loutet Stephanie T. Ichien Amanda A. Hyman James D. Ford 《Fish and Fisheries》2022,23(1):4-21
We conducted a global systematic literature review of climate change adaptation in fisheries. We addressed three specific questions: (i) What are fisheries adapting to? (ii) How are fisheries adapting? and (iii) What research gaps need to be addressed? We identified, characterized and examined case studies published between 1990 and 2019 that lie at the intersection of the domains of climate change, adaptation and fisheries. We characterized the documented climate change effects in fisheries that are being adapted to multiple stressors, general climate impacts, extreme events, ocean conditions, marine system shifts, climate variability, fishery dynamics, species distribution and atmospheric warming. Three categories of adaptive responses came to light: coping mechanisms (e.g. changing fishing location, use of traditional knowledge); adaptive strategies (e.g. livelihood diversification, incorporation of technology); and management responses (e.g. adaptive management, adaptation planning). We identified key potential areas for future research, including studies on the limits and barriers for adaptation, studies using specific conceptual and methodological approaches, and studies focussing on the top-producing countries such as China, Indonesia, Peru and Russia. This analysis gives broader insights to the fisheries industry and to climate change adaptation research to proceed in the face of new global challenges. 相似文献
969.
Stephanie Osinchuk Susan M. Taylor Cindy L. Shmon John Pharr John Campbell 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(10):939-945
This study evaluated the CorTemp® ingestible telemetric core body temperature sensor in dogs, to establish the relationship between rectal temperature and telemetrically measured core body temperature at rest and during exercise, and to examine the effect of sensor location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on measured core temperature. CorTemp® sensors were administered orally to fasted Labrador retriever dogs and radiographs were taken to document sensor location. Core and rectal temperatures were monitored throughout the day in 6 resting dogs and during a 10-minute strenuous retrieving exercise in 6 dogs. Time required for the sensor to leave the stomach (120 to 610 min) was variable. Measured core temperature was consistently higher than rectal temperature across all GI locations but temperature differences based on GI location were not significant (P = 0.5218). Resting dogs had a core temperature that was on average 0.4°C above their rectal temperature with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between 1.2°C and −0.5°C. Core temperature in exercising dogs was on average 0.3°C higher than their concurrent rectal temperature, with LoA of +1.6°C and −1.1°C. 相似文献
970.
Meadows-Shropshire Stephanie L. Gennings Chris Carter W. Hans Simmons Jane Ellen 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2004,9(4):500-514
This article presents and illustrates an approach to designing and analyzing studies involving mixtures/combinations of drugs
or chemicals along fixed-ratio rays of the drugs or chemicals for generalized linear models. When interest can be restricted
to a specific ray, we consider fixed-ratio ray designs to reduce the amount of experimental effort. When a ray design is used,
we have shown that the hypothesis of additivity can be rejected when higher order polynomial terms are required in the total
dose-response model. Thus, it is important that we have precise parameter estimates for these higher order polynomial terms
in the linear predictor. We have developed methodology for finding a D
s
-optimal design based on this subset of the terms in the linear predictor. 相似文献