Studies on umami taste. Synthesis of new guanosine 5'-phosphate derivatives and their synergistic effect with monosodium glutamate

A number of N2-alkyl and N2-acyl derivatives of guanosine 5'-phosphate (GMP) have been synthesized and tested for their synergistic effect with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), the prototypical substance imparting umami taste to savory-based foods. Capacities to enhance the taste intensity of MSG (gamma values) were estimated through subjective comparisons of MSG/nucleotide mixtures in water with appropriate solutions of MSG alone. Assuming beta = gamma[nucleotide]/gamma[IMP], beta values of the N2-substituted GMPs were found in the range 1.2-5.7. Such values appear to be related to the chain length of the substituent in the 2-position of the purine nucleus and dependent on the replacement of a CH 2 group with an S atom and/or with an alpha-CO group. These findings indicate that the exocyclic NHR group of the guanine moiety is actively implicated in the synergism between GMP derivatives and MSG. Theoretical calculations suggest that an anti conformation is probably assumed by ribonucleotide molecules interacting with umami receptors.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒的RT-PCR快速检测

根据马铃薯卷叶病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列,设计合成了一对寡核苷酸引物。从感染马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)的马铃薯叶片中提取出病毒RNA,进行cDNA合成并运用RT-PCR技术进行体外扩增,得到一条长度约627bp的特异PCR扩增产物,与理论设计的外壳蛋白基因大小一致,而对照未得到任何产物。从而建立了快速灵敏的PLRV检测方法,为PLRV的防治及检测提供了有效手段。     

池塘养殖加料车设计

针对目前池塘养殖中投饵机大部分加料都是依靠人力完成,劳动强度大,在陡峭斜岸上对投饵船进行加料困难的现状,设计一种无动力出料的节能定量加料车。加料车使用旋转下料阀进行定量下料,使用剪叉式升降平台调整加料高度。通过设计位于下料阀出料口的球形限位旋转连接件调整加料管的倾角实现无动力出料。基于圆柱凸轮设计新型伸缩加料管。加料车通过车体的移动、剪叉式升降平台的升降、加料管倾角和长度的调整实现定向、定距、定点的饲料添加。制作加料车样机,以投饵船和固定式投饵机为加料目标进行加料试验,试验结果表明加料车对不同规格饲料具有通用性,1.2 m的伸缩长度和1.5 m的升降高度能满足投饵船和固定式投饵机的加料需求,调整灵活,加料速度为6.2 kg/min。设计的加料车使用灵活,能代替人工给投饵船和固定式投饵机加料,减轻人工劳动强度,提高养殖过程的机械化水平,为进一步实现自动化和智能化打下基础。     

辽宁绒山羊CSN3基因PCR-RFLP多态性分析

本试验以辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊为实验动物,采用PCR-RFLP技术对-酪蛋白基因(CSN3)片段的Ⅰ的酶切多态性进行分析,结果表明:辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊2个山羊群体中均存在CSN3基因Ⅰ酶切位点的多态性,且均有A、B两个等位基因。辽宁绒山羊群体等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.46和0.54;内蒙古绒山羊群体中等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.31和0.69。CSN3基因Ⅰ酶切位点的基因型分布在辽宁绒山羊群体中极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(<0.01),在内蒙古绒山羊群体中符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定理(>0.05),但两个群体间存在显著差异(<0.01)。     

Uterine Expression of WNT7A and β-catenin After Induction of Oestrus in Sheep

WNT7A and β-catenin localisations and roles in regulating periimplantation ovine conceptus development under natural estrous conditions have been elaborated.However,their locations and expression patterns have not been reported under induction of oestrus.The localisation,expression and function of WNT7A and β-catenin in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant and non-pregnant sheep on days 10,12,14,16 and 18 following artificial induction of oestrus were investigated by means of in situ hybridisation,real-time RT-PCR,immuno-histochemistry and western blotting methods.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein were both restricted to the apical surfaces of the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE).In pregnant sheep,protein localisation of WNT7A and β-catenin was observed both in the endometrial LE and GE.Their staining presented on day 10,increased between day 12 and day 16,and decreased on day 18.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression increased initially and then decreased from day 10 to day 18,peaking on day 16,and β-catenin reaching a peak on day 18 in the uterine tissues of pregnant sheep (p0.05).By contrast,no significant changes in WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were observed from day 10 to day 18 of the oestrus cycle in the uterine tissues of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Additionally,WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant sheep were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with WNT7A increased the mRNA expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and Cyclin D1.These results provided an underlying mechanism of periimplantation ovine conceptus development under induction of oestrus.     

咸水灌溉对基质栽培甜脆豌豆生长及营养品质的影响

【目的】探讨在水资源紧缺地区开展无土栽培咸水灌溉的可行性。【方法】采用基质盆栽试验,以甜脆豌豆为试验对象,设置0.6(淡水)、1.6、2.6、3.6、4.6 g/L共5个矿化度(深层地下淡水掺兑NaCl而成)灌水处理,研究了甜脆豌豆植株地上部和根系生长状况以及豌豆营养品质对咸水灌溉的响应。【结果】与淡水灌溉相比,灌溉水矿化度为3.6 g/L和4.6 g/L时出苗率显著(P<0.05)降低,降幅分别为12.5%和31.2%;甜脆豌豆的株高、地上部鲜/干物质量均随灌溉水矿化度的增加而显著(P<0.05)降低;在播后16 d时1.6 g/L和2.6 g/L处理的甜脆豌豆根系干物质积累未明显降低,但是在播后32d时咸水灌溉处理的根系干物质较淡水灌溉处理分别降低28.9%、40.5%、52.2%和53.1%;随灌溉水矿化度的增加,甜脆豌豆的根冠比呈增加趋势,豌豆淀粉量呈降低趋势,但2.6 g/L与0.6g/L处理间差异不显著(P≥0.05),豌豆可溶性蛋白量和可溶性糖量表现出先增加后减少的趋势,最大值均出现在2.6 g/L处理。【结论】开展基质栽培咸水灌溉甜脆豌豆是可行的,但灌溉水矿化度应≤2.6 g/L。     

陆川猪ANKRD1基因克隆及其表达差异分析

[目的]克隆陆川猪心肌锚蛋白重复域1基因(ANKRD1),并进行生物信息学及组织表达谱分析,为研究ANKRD1在陆川猪机体内的功能作用提供参考依据.[方法]根据NCBI已公布的野猪ANKRD1基因序列(NM_213922.1)设计特异性引物,采用TRIzol法提取陆川猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、背最长肌和皮下脂肪的总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,并以此为模板进行ANKRD1基因克隆,通过MegAlign、Protaram、Protscale、MHMM Server和Sig-nalP等在线分析软件进行生物信息学分析,最后以实时荧光定量PCR检测ANKRD1基因在陆川猪各组织中的表达情况.[结果]陆川猪ANKRD1基因蛋白编码区(CDS)序列全长960 bp,编码319个氨基酸残基,与NCBI已公布野猪ANKRD1基因(NM_213922.1)的CDS序列存在4处碱基突变,但均为同义突变,二者的ANKRD1氨基酸序列同源性为99.6%.陆川猪ANKRD1基因编码蛋白分子量为36125.70 Da,理论等电点(pI)为7.09,属于稳定蛋白,其二级结构中α-螺旋占46.39%、无规则卷曲占39.81%、β-转角占9.09%、延伸链占4.70%;陆川猪ANKRD1蛋白不存在跨膜结构,也无信号肽,有多个磷酸化位点.陆川猪ANKRD1基因在其心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、背最长肌和皮下脂肪等7个组织中均有表达,其中以心脏中的相对表达量最高,显著高于在其他组织中的相对表达量(P<0.05,下同),在脾脏中的相对表达量最低,显著低于在心脏、肝脏、肺脏和背最长肌中的相对表达量.[结论]ANKRD1基因在陆川猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、背最长肌和皮下脂肪等组织中均有表达,且存在明显差异,故推测ANKRD1基因在不同组织中发挥不同作用.     

景观园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点分析

无论是景观园林施工还是绿化养护,均是城市环境建设的重要组成部分,与人们的生产生活 息息相关。大多数综合性景观园林施工面临成本难以控制的问题,因其工程量较大、施工周期较长、 周边环境复杂,整个施工过程不可预测的变数较多,施工成本和施工难度居高不下。文章主要就景观 园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点进行了分析与阐述,意在提高景观园林施工及绿化养护的水平和 质量。     

不同控释氮肥运筹对粳稻养分吸收与氮素利用的影响

以绥粳18为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,在一次性施入控释氮肥免追肥条件下,设置不同施肥量(高、中、低、无)和施肥深度(5 cm、10 cm),探讨不同氮肥施用方式对粳稻养分吸收和氮素利用的影响。结果表明,在不同氮肥运筹条件下,粳稻各生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运均存在明显的协同效应,施肥深度5 cm组,随着氮肥施用量的增加,粳稻的氮吸收总量增加,同时可促进磷的吸收,但影响幅度较小。钾变化与氮、磷变化有所不同。施肥深度10cm组,施高量氮肥抑制了粳稻对磷的吸收、减少了对氮的吸收,但有利于提高氮素利用率,对钾的吸收无显著影响。施用树脂包膜控释肥,纯氮用量为153 kg/hm^2、施肥深度5 cm、一次性施肥免追肥可获得最优水稻氮素利用效率并显著提高磷钾肥利用效率。     

Toward the Identification of Novel Antimicrobial Agents: One-Pot Synthesis of Lipophilic Conjugates of N-Alkyl d- and l-Iminosugars

In the effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of iminosugars, we report the synthesis of lipophilic iminosugars 10a–b and 11a–b based on the one-pot conjugation of both enantiomeric forms of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ) and N-nonyloxypentyldeoxynojirimycin (NPDNJ) with cholesterol and a succinic acid model linker. The conjugation reaction was tuned using the established PS-TPP/I₂/ImH activating system, which provided the desired compounds in high yields (94–96%) by a one-pot procedure. The substantial increase in the lipophilicity of 10a–b and 11a–b is supposed to improve internalization within the bacterial cell, thereby potentially leading to enhanced antimicrobial properties. However, assays are currently hampered by solubility problems; therefore, alternative administration strategies will need to be devised.