日本晴与5个优良恢复系的多态性标记筛选及遗传差异分析

遗传基因的分离需要供、受体亲本间较大的遗传差异.该文利用均匀分布于水稻12条染色体的429个SSR标记,分析了日本晴与5个自育优良恢复系之间的多态性标记及分布密度,进而评价它们间的遗传差异性.结果显示,日本晴与西恢18号、缙恢35、R225、R232和R250之间的多态性标记数分别为263,253,253,255和240个;多态率分别为61.31%,58.97%,58.97%,59.44%和55.94%;每个标记间的平均物理距离分别为1.59,1.61,1.62,1.62和1.72 Mb.每个SSR位点可检测到的等位基因数目为2~5个,平均每对SSR引物检测到2.35个等位基因.各亲本之间的遗传距离在0.121 7~0.896 7之间,日本晴与5个恢复系间的平均遗传距离为0.857 6.聚类分析也将日本晴与5个恢复系分为两大亚类,表明它们之间存在极大的遗传差异.这些材料和结果对水稻遗传基因的分离具有重要意义.     

Recombinant gene expression in vivo within endothelial cells of the arterial wall

A technique for the transfer of endothelial cells and expression of recombinant genes in vivo could allow the introduction of proteins of therapeutic value in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Porcine endothelial cells expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase from a murine amphotropic retroviral vector were introduced with a catheter into denuded iliofemoral arteries of syngeneic animals. Arterial segments explanted 2 to 4 weeks later contained endothelial cells expressing beta-galactosidase, an indication that they were successfully implanted on the vessel wall.     

不同灌溉方式的水稻生理效应研究

通过常规淹灌、垄作浸润、控水湿润和间歇灌溉等不同灌溉方式对水稻生理效应的研究表明:垄作浸润和控水湿润灌溉的叶片相对含水量较高。垄作浸润和控水湿灌溉既能减少上位叶(倒一、二叶)的叶绿素、全氮量,防止贪青徒长,又能延缓下位叶(倒三、四叶)的衰老,增加光合作用源的功能时间,同时垄作浸润和控水湿润灌溉的水稻叶片有较高的净光合率(NPR)和气孔导度(CS),增强了光合作用源的强度。节水灌溉能提高根系活力,较好地协调水稻高产与根系早衰之间的矛盾。可见垄作浸润和控水湿润灌溉的水稻具有更好的水分代谢和光合素质。     

应用均匀设计法筛选稗草病原菌产孢最佳配方培养基

 筛选生防菌最佳产孢培养基是高效、大量生产生防菌孢子的基础。应用均匀设计法结合二次多项式回归分析,从众多因素中筛选出稗草病原菌弯孢菌(Curvularia lunata)和互格交链孢菌(Alternaria alternata)最佳产孢培养基组分,建立多元二次回归数学模型。弯孢菌最佳产孢组分为胡萝卜、芹菜、欧芹、水芹、莴苣、蔗糖和Vc;互格交链孢菌最佳产孢组分为胡萝卜、芹菜、水芹、莴苣和蔗糖。根据回归模型计算理论(拟和)产孢值。比较实测产孢量和理论产孢值,结果表明,稗草病原菌的实测产孢量和回归模型拟合产孢值非常接近,拟合误差小。说明采用均匀设计法从众多因素中筛选培养基最佳成分是可行的。     

Does sand content in spawning substrate result in early larval emergence? Evidence from a lithophilic cyprinid fish

The spawning success of lithophilic salmonids is strongly influenced by the fine sediment content (“fines”) of spawning substrates, yet knowledge on the impacts of fines on the spawning of non‐salmonid lithophiles remains limited, despite their ecological and socio‐economic importance in European rivers. Consequently, the aim here was to use an ex‐situ experiment to investigate the impact of sand content on egg survival and timing of larval emergence of the surface‐spawning cyprinid European barbel Barbus barbus. Thirty incubator boxes within a recirculating system were filled with one of five experimental sediment mixtures (0%–40% sand by mass) that each contained 300 fertilised eggs at a depth of 50 mm. Emerged, free‐swimming larvae were captured and counted daily to assess grain‐size effects on larval survival and emergence. Specifically, total proportion of emerged larvae, cumulative daily proportion of emerged larvae and time required to reach 50% emergence were measured during the study. Whilst the proportion of sand in the sediments did not have a significant impact on egg‐to‐emergence survival (mean survival per treatment 75%–79%), it significantly affected the timing of larval emergence to the water column; early emergence was detected in treatments with elevated sand content (on average, 50% emergence after 12–13 days versus 19 days in the control). Similar to findings from salmonid studies, these results suggest high sand content in spawning gravels can influence timing of larval emergence and potentially cyprinid lithophilic fish survival.     

杂交稻强优恢复系南恢125的选育与应用

在利用国内外优良恢复系作亲本杂交育成中间材料N175基础上,再聚合杂交,培育成功强优恢复系南恢125。该恢复系具有株叶形态优良、恢复力强、恢复谱广、配合力好、花粉量多、制种产量高、较抗稻瘟、米质优等特点。用南恢125配组的Ⅱ优125、泸优125、特优125等组合在各级区试中表现突出,其中Ⅱ优125于2006年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定,显示出良好的生产应用前景。     

Yield and tuber characteristics of 4x progeny from 2x×2x crosses

Summary Unrelated, unselected 2x haploid-species hybrids that produce 2n eggs, by second division restitution and 2n pollen due to first division restitution were intercrossed to generate 4x progeny. The 19, 4x families were compared with seven cultivars for tuber yield, tuber appearance and tuber set. The mean yield of the 4x families was 30% higher than the mean yield of the cultivars. The best five 4x families outyielded the best five cultivars by 57% and 69% at two locations. Cultivars were superior for tuber appearance and tuber set. The high yields of the 4x families are due to genetic diversity of the 2x parents and their ability to transmit that diversity to the 4x progeny utilizing 2n gametes. The potential of the 2x×2x breeding method is dependent on developing 2x hybrid clones that form 2n eggs and possess desirable tuber types; clones producing 2n pollen and good tuber quality are available.     

杂交早稻K优619高产制种技术

K优619系温州市农科院选育的籼粳型早杂新组合，制种易获高产，1998～1999年在遂昌县制种9.98 hm2，平均单产3.05 t/hm2，其中1.6 hm2连片制种单产达4.32 t/hm2。对其高产制种技术进行了总结。