SSR分子标记与玉米杂种优势关系的研究

以从CIMMYT引进的热带、亚热带玉米自交系和代表中国温带主要杂种优势群的玉米自交系为材料，利用SSR分子标记方法。从40对SSR引物中选取扩增清晰且多态性丰富的13对引物，在14份自交系中检测到72个等位基因变异，涉及到13个SSR位点，每个位点检测到2～8个等位基因，平均为5．53．每个位点的多态信息量(PIC)变化于0．11～O.84之间，平均0．65．依据14个自交系遗传相似系数，按类平均法聚类分析，将14个自交系分为6类，代表中国温带主要杂种优势群的玉米自交系被划分在不同类群中，聚类结果和系谱分析结果基本一致，因此用SSR技术可以划分杂种优势类群、但是根据自交系之间SSR分子标记数据估算的遗传距离，与杂种F1产量及其杂种优势相关不显著，不能预测杂种优势．     

利用永久F2群体在不同光周期环境下定位玉米株高QTL

为了研究热带玉米株高的遗传机制, 利用温热组合黄早四×CML288衍生的重组自交系群体构建了一个包含278个组合的永久F₂群体, 分别在海南三亚、河南郑州和洛阳、北京昌平和顺义等5个地点3种光周期环境中进行株高鉴定。利用复合区间作图法在3种光周期环境下共定位到12个不同的玉米株高QTL。位于第1染色体上的qPH1-2和位于第4染色体上的QTL qPH4在3个环境中同时被检测到, 表明这2个QTL在不同日照环境下均能稳定表达。位于第3染色体上的qPH3在短日照环境下能解释株高遗传变异的32.13%, 而在2个长日照环境下并未被检测到, 表明此QTL是短日照环境下特异表达的主效QTL。第10染色体上QTL qPH10-1分别解释2个长日照环境中株高遗传变异的25.39%和39.58%, 是长日照环境下特异表达的主效株高QTL。     

对优良地方种质金系综合种选系及其改良系的评价

试验采用昌7-2、郑58、4C274、齐319和P28作测验种,对优良地方种质金系综合种的8个选系和用含热带血缘自交系改良后的8个金系综合种选系进行测交。结果表明:金系综合种选系与齐319可以产生较大的杂种优势;改良后的金系综合种选系与我国地方品种旅大红骨的P28可以产生较大的杂种优势。金系综合种选系4和6有较高的一般配合力,改良后的金系综合种选系9和10有较高的一般配合力;金系综合种选系蕴涵着增加株高、穗粗和穗长的优良基因。     

玉米秸秆能量指标的测定和利用研究

通过对15个杂交种及其22个亲本自交系的茎秆热值及其化学组分的测定,结果表明:秸秆热值与秸秆产量和子粒产量关系密切;不同材料间、同一材料不同部位间的热值及半纤维素、纤维素、木质素含量存在差异;同一材料的热值及纤维素、木质素含量从上部到下部逐渐增多,半纤维素含量逐渐减少;热值与纤维素、木质素含量间有密切相关回归关系,其回归方程为Y=10 523.6+13 273.4X₁+15 908.9X₂,初步确定纤维素、木质素作为秸秆的主要能量指标;根据热值、产量性状结果,认     

玉米光周期反应研究简报

以热带玉米自交系CML288和温带玉米自交系黄早四为材料,研究了它们在9h和15h光周期处理后的反应和热带自交系CML288在不同时期两种日照挪动处理下的光周期反应。研究结果表明:不同材料对光周期的敏感程度不同,CML288对光周期的反应非常敏感,黄早四相对不敏感。CML288在9h的短日照条件下7片叶时期是其光周期反应的敏感时期,在15h的长日照条件下9片叶时期是其光周期反应的敏感时期。     

抗CP型、NCP型牛病毒性腹泻病毒高免卵黄抗体的制备

本研究采用致细胞病变（cytopathic,CP）型牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）标准毒和非致细胞病变（noncytopathic,NCP）型新疆优势毒株免疫产蛋鸡,用改良PEG法提取卵黄抗体(IgY),并对提取的IgY采用SDS-PAGE检测纯度,间接ELISA检测免疫后每隔7 d的抗体效价,并测定所得抗体对NCP型BVDV的中和效价。结果表明,用该法提取的IgY纯度较高;间接ELISA结果证明,经过4次免疫后,抗CP型BVDV的效价达到1∶32000,抗NCP型BVDV的效价达到1∶40000,3个月后再次检测,卵黄抗体效价未见明显下降。最后一次免疫14 d的抗体对NCP型BVDV的中和效价达到1×10_^-3。     

Evaluation of Adjuvant Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Feline Mammary Carcinoma

Background: Feline mammary carcinomas (FMC) are locally invasive and highly metastatic tumors. Because of the high metastatic potential, patients often are treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, but little data exist to evaluate the effect of this strategy.
Hypothesis: Adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy improves outcome for FMC compared with surgery alone.
Animals: Cats with naturally occurring, biopsy-confirmed FMC treated with either surgery alone (Sx) or with surgery plus adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (Sx + Chemo).
Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data were collected and compared to identify differences between groups. Outcome results were determined and compared. Prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were evaluated.
Results: Seventy-three cats were evaluated, of which 37 were in the Sx group and 36 in the Sx + Chemo group. No differences in clinical data were found between Sx and Sx + Chemo groups. Median DFS times for the Sx and Sx + Chemo groups were 372 and 676 days, respectively ( P = .15) and median survival times (ST) were 1,406 and 848 days, respectively ( P = .78). For cats that underwent a unilateral radical mastectomy, ST was significantly longer for the Sx + Chemo compared with the Sx group (1,998 versus 414 days, respectively; P = .03).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study did not find a benefit to adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in cats with FMC. Additional studies are required to determine whether patient subgroups with negative prognostic factors may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Expression of ABC-Transport Proteins in Canine Mammary Cancer: Consequences for Chemotherapy

Intrinsic or acquired drug resistance is a major barrier for chemotherapy of cancer. Importantly, the presence of ATP-binding cassette, ABC-transport proteins in tumour cells circumvents an intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, 103 canine mammary tumour probes were investigated for mRNA expression of seven ABC-transporters by RT-PCR. All tumour samples expressed multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). MRP7 was detected in 97.1% of tumour probes, MRP3 in 96.1%, Pgp in 92.2%, MRP5 in 85.4% and MRP6 in 64.1%. More of the half of tumour samples (56.1%) expressed all of the examined ABC-transport proteins. Approximately one-third of the tumour samples (32.7%) were lacking in one transporter and only 11.2% possessed from three to five transporters. The canine transporter cBCRP was functionally analysed in stable transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney-II cells using an MTT viability test. cBCRP transfected cells showed a 5.4-fold resistance to 10 μ m doxorubicin. Cell survival in the presence of methotrexate was not affected by cBCRP. In conclusion, absence of efficiency of chemotherapy of canine mammary cancer can be caused by expression of seven various ABC-transport proteins. Because cBCRP is expressed in all examined tumour probes and induces resistance to doxorubicin, the application of doxorubicin for treatment of canine mammary is inappropriate.     

Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with hemangiosarcoma

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycosylated polypeptide growth factor with potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability-enhancing properties specific for endothelial cells. In humans, VEGF seems to play a major role in tumor growth, and plasma concentrations correlate with tumor burden, response to therapy, and disease progression. This study compared plasma VEGF concentrations in healthy client-owned dogs (n = 17) to dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA; n 16). Dogs with HSA were significantly more likely to have detectable concentrations of plasma VEGF (13/17) compared to healthy dogs (1/17; P < .001). The median plasma VEGF concentration for dogs with HSA was 17.2 pg/mL (range, < 1.0-66.7 pg/mL). Plasma VEGF concentrations in dogs with HSA did not correlate with stage of disease or tumor burden, but 1 dog had undetectable VEGF during chemotherapy that subsequently increased with disease progression.