Effect of spaying and timing of spaying on survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma

The risk of developing mammary gland tumors in dogs is significantly decreased by ovariohysterectomy at an early age. However, previous studies have not found a benefit to ovariohysterectomy concurrent with tumor removal in dogs with established mammary gland tumors, suggesting that the progression of these tumors is independent of continued estrogen stimulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spaying and of the timing of spaying on survival in dogs with mammary gland carcinoma. Signalment, spay status and spay age, tumor characteristics, treatment. survival, and cause of death of 137 dogs with mammary gland carcinoma were analyzed. The dogs were classified into 3 groups according to spay status and spay time: intact dogs, dogs spayed less than 2 years before tumor surgery (SPAY 1), and dogs spayed more than 2 years before their tumor surgery (SPAY 2). Dogs in the SPAY 1 group lived significantly longer than dogs in SPAY 2 and intact dogs (median survival of 755 days, versus 301 and 286 days, respectively, P = .02 and .03). After adjusting for differences between the spay groups with regard to age, histologic differentiation, and vascular invasion, SPAY 1 dogs survived 45% longer compared to dogs that were either intact or in the SPAY 2 group (RR = .55; 95% CI .32-.93; P = .03). This study reveals ovariohysterectomy to be an effective adjunct to tumor removal in dogs with mammary gland carcinoma and that the timing of ovariohysterectomy is important in influencing survival.     

Evaluation of histological grade and histologically tumour‐free margins as predictors of local recurrence in completely excised canine mast cell tumours

Completeness of mast cell tumour (MCT) excision is determined by assessment of histologically tumour‐free margins (HTFM). The HTFM width necessary to prevent local recurrence (LR), recognized as histologic safety margin (HSM) in human oncology, has not been defined. We hypothesized that HTFM width would correlate with risk for LR and high‐grade tumours would require wider HTFM than low‐grade tumours. Records of dogs with completely excised MCTs were included. Signalment, two‐tier tumour grade, tumour size, HTFM width, recurrence and therapy data was collected. High‐grade (n = 39) tumours were more likely to recur than low‐grade (n = 51) tumours (35.9% versus 3.9%), P < 0.0001, with no association between HTFM width and LR. Twenty‐nine percent of low‐grade tumours had HTFM less than 3 mm; none recurred. Narrow (≤3 mm) histologic margins are likely adequate to prevent LR of low‐grade tumours. High‐grade tumours have significant risk of LR regardless of HTFM width.     

猪乳汁中抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立检测猪乳汁中抗猪染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)Ig A抗体的间接ELISA方法,本研究以TGEV重组N蛋白为包被抗原,以辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗猪Ig A为检测抗体,并采用方阵法确定包被抗原和待检乳汁的最佳工作浓度,对各种反应条件进行优化,建立了猪乳汁中TGEV Ig A抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。该方法检测稀释160倍的阳性乳清仍呈阳性;与猪流行腹泻和猪轮状病毒感染阳性乳清无交叉反应;批内和批间变异系数均小于10%。利用建立的ELISA方法与间接免疫荧光方法分别对134份临床样品进行检测,阳性检出率分别为58.2%(78/134)和59.7%(80/134),总符合率为85.6%。本研究建立的检测方法能够有效评估乳汁中TGEV Ig A抗体的水平。     

绵羊生殖道抗菌肽cDNA克隆及真核表达载体构建

绵羊生殖道抗菌肽（ORTAP40）是从中国美利奴绵羊生殖道分离的一种新型的阳离子抗菌肽,在绵羊发育早期的防御中起到了主要的作用。在本研究中,根据ORTAP40 N端氨基酸序列设计引物,利用3′RACE技术克隆了绵羊生殖道抗菌肽3′末端全长cDNA序列,并被GenBank收录,登录号为FJ514476,经过cDNA序列分析显示,ORTAP40是一个4.8 ku的小肽,与先期分离纯化的分子质量一致。作者随后参照巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）密码子偏好性,设计并人工合成了ORTAP40成熟肽目的基因片段,所合成的ORTAP40基因全长120 bp,通过基因重组的方法将目的基因克隆到pPIC3.5K和pPICZαA表达载体上,成功构建了重组酵母胞内表达载体pPIC3.5K-ORTAP40和外泌表达载体pPICZαA-ORTAP40,为抗菌肽的开发和应用奠定了基础。     

玉米籽粒淀粉含量的遗传效应分析

以玉米完整籽粒为试验材料,采用偏最小二乘回归法建立近红外反射光谱测定其淀粉含量的数学模型,光谱预处理结果表明,采用一阶导数+多元散射校正建立淀粉含量的校正模型效果最佳,外部验证结果表明,校正后模型预测结果与化学值之间的相关系数达0.924 0。用13个普通玉米自交系,按NCⅡ设计(6×7)研究玉米籽粒品质性状的遗传效应,结果表明:粗淀粉含量不同程度地体现为种子、母体和细胞质效应,而母体遗传效应和种子直接效应占主导,细胞质效应相对较小,遗传效应以母体加性和胚乳直接加性为主,存在显著的正向母体杂种优势。遗传效应预测值表明,铁7922、郑58是选育高淀粉品种的优良材料,同时说明以校正模型测定其含量结果准确、可靠。     

利用SSR分析玉米群体的遗传变异

以6个玉米群体为材料，利用SSR标记分析其遗传多样性并进行聚类分析。结果表明，在6个玉米群体中检测到了丰富的遗传变异，平均每SSR位点的变异等位基因数达到7．79。依据SSR标记的遗传距离将供试材料分为4大类：第Ⅰ类为黄综群、金皇后综合种，第Ⅱ类pob21，第Ⅲ类为豫综5号、BSSS，第Ⅳ类为辽旅综。     

猪A群轮状病毒的分离与鉴定

目前国内对猪轮状病毒的研究较少,作者旨在对猪A群轮状病毒进行分离与鉴定,为后续猪轮状病毒致病机理和分子生物学特性研究奠定基础.用胰蛋白酶处理RT-PCR检测猪A群轮状病毒病原阳性的临床腹泻粪样,然后接种长成单层的MA-104细胞,进行病毒分离传代.再对分离毒株进行常规RT-PCR鉴定和电镜观察,并对分离毒株的VP6、VP7和VP8基因进行测序及序列分析.结果成功分离猪A群轮状病毒TM-a株,经序列同源性分析发现,与TM-a株VP6、VP7和VP8基因同源性最高的毒株分别为中国北京人源LL3354株、印度人源RMC321株和日本野猪源GUB-71株,其相似性为96.0％、95.1％和97.0％.该TM-a株轮状病毒不同基因表现出与人源轮状病毒和猪源轮状病毒的高度同源性,推测猪A群轮状病毒可能在人畜间传播,发生基因重组现象.     

低钾胁迫对不同基因型水稻光合特性的影响

以水稻(Oryza sotiva L.)受体N27(对照)和来源于N27的耐低钾基因型水稻N18和N19为材料.采用溶液培养试验,研究了低钾胁迫对其光合特性的影响.结果表明,在低钾胁迫下,水稻叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及叶绿素(a+b)含量均降低,且均是N18、N19的叶绿素含量高于N27.在低钾条件下,水稻叶片净光合速率、呼吸速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度以及蒸腾速率均降低,且均是N18、N19的下降幅度小于N27.     

玉米“黄金”群体产量等性状轮回选择改良效果评价研究

利用群体改良方法,充分挖掘地方优异种质的遗传潜力是玉米种质改良与创新的一个重要途径。本研究以黄金群5个轮次改良群体为材料,通过1年2点产量比较试验,分析了混合选择和相互半姊妹轮回选择方法对黄金群产量及穗部性状的改良效果。结果表明,两种选择方法对群体产量改良是有效的,随着改良轮次的增加,黄金群的单株产量逐轮提高,平均每轮提高3.78%,其中,混合选择改良的3轮群体平均每轮提高4.27%,相互半姊妹轮回选择的改良群体提高2.07%;虽然群体产量的变异系数从15.43%下降到12.80%,但群体内仍有较丰富的变异。通过改良群体穗部性状比较发现,穗长和行粒数改良效果显著,分别提高14.71%和17.62%,说明它们的提高是群体单株产量提高的主要因素。