花后弱光对江汉平原稻茬小麦的产量及碳、氮分配效应的影响

为了探究连阴雨天气弱光逆境导致小麦减产的机理,于2017-2018年度对长江中下游流域适宜推广的48个小麦品种开展了灌浆期全程遮光试验（遮去自然光强的45%）,初步筛选出两个弱光敏感品种（扶麦1228和生选6号）和两个弱光钝感品种（襄麦55和扬麦158）,2018-2019年以此4个品种和江汉平原主推品种郑麦9023为供试材料,研究了开花期至成熟期遮光对小麦干物质积累与分配、植株氮素转运及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：（1）花后遮光后小麦籽粒产量显著降低,两年度5个品种平均减产49.1%～61.1%,千粒重平均下降34.4%～42.5%,遮光对穗数和穗粒数的影响两年度均未达0.05显著水平。（2）花后遮光抑制了小麦干物质的积累,显著减少各营养器官干物质积累量,使成熟期干物质积累总量较CK平均下降23.4%,降低籽粒灌浆速率。花后遮光增大了营养器官花前同化物的转运量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率,而减少了花后光合同化物量及其贡献率,降低收获指数。（3）花后遮光后营养器官中氮素向籽粒的再分配受抑,较多的氮素滞留在营养器官中,茎鞘氮素积累量平均增加了88.0%,穗轴与颖壳次之,叶片增加了32.8%。遮光导致各营养器官花前贮存氮素向籽粒的转运量和转运效率均显著下降,使籽粒氮素积累对花后吸收氮素的依赖加大。总之,花后遮光会导致小麦显著减产,其主要原因是粒重大幅度下降;遮光加大了籽粒干物质积累对花前碳水化合物再分配的依赖,以及籽粒氮素积累对花后氮素吸收的依赖。襄麦55和扬麦158遮光条件下籽粒产量下降幅度较小,是稻麦周年高产适宜推广品种。     

Early Tumor Response to Intraarterial or Intravenous Administration of Carboplatin to Treat Naturally Occurring Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma in Dogs

Background

Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered.

Objective

To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC).

Animals

Client‐owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11).

Methods

Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically.

Results

Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow‐up time was short and the impact on long‐term outcome and survival was not determined.     

玉米秸秆热值性状杂种优势及配合力分析

采用NCⅡ交配设计以13个玉米亲本自交系组配42个杂交组合，对其玉米秸秆热值性状的杂种优势及配合力进行分析。结果表明，热值、纤维素含量、和木质素含量3个指标性状表现出明显杂种优势，热值杂种优势与纤维素含量、木质素含量的杂种优势关系密切，但不受半纤维素含量杂种优势的影响。一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差均达到1%的极显著水平，说明不同自交系间存在较大的遗传差异。X178、掖52106的热值、纤维素含量、木质素含量的一般配合力较大，而半纤维素含量一般配合力较低；沈137的热值、木质素含量的一般配合力较高，纤维素含量的一般配合力居中，半纤维素含量的一般配合力低；这3个亲本在培育高热值玉米杂交种上具有较大应用潜力。沈137×黄C、齐319×昌7-2在热值、木质素含量、纤维素含量等性状上具有较高的特殊配合力，产生较强的杂种优势。笔者认为，玉米秸秆热值可作为玉米育种的目标之一，改变只注重产量和品质育种的做法，选育和推广既高产、优质，又高热值的玉米杂交种，提高玉米综合经济效益。     

Development, anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage, clinical features, and cell differentiation markers of canine mammary gland neoplasms

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.     

Clinical,histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine indolent lymphoma

Indolent lymphoma comprises up to 29% of all canine lymphoma; however, limited information exists regarding the subtypes and biological behaviour. This retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors for 75 dogs with indolent lymphoma. WHO histopathological classification and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD79a, CD3, Ki67 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) was performed. The most common histopathological subtype was T‐zone, 61.7%, (MST 33.5 months), followed by marginal zone, 25%, (MST 21.2 months), P = 0.542. The addition of IHC to preliminary histopathological classification resulted in a revised diagnosis in 20.4% of cases. The use of systemic treatment did not influence survival, P = 0.065. Dogs treated with chlorambucil and prednisone did not reach a MST, compared with a MST of 21.6 months with CHOP‐based chemotherapy, P = 0.057. The overall MST of 4.4 years confirms that this is indeed an indolent disease. However, the effect of systemic treatment must be determined through prospective trials.     

Canine mammary gland tumors.

The National Consensus Group recommends that all women with tumors larger than 1 cm be offered chemotherapy regardless of tumor histology of lymph node status. This recommendation is to ensure that everyone at risk for failing, even though the risk may be low in women with relatively small tumors and favorable histology, has a choice and receives the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. This type of treatment recommendation may also be made in dogs based on recognized, well-accepted prognostic factors such as tumor size, stage, type, and histologic differentiation. Based on the limited clinical information available in veterinary medicine, the drugs that are effective in human breast cancer, such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and doxorubicin, may also have a role in the treatment of malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs. Randomized prospective studies are needed, however, to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy in dogs with high-risk mammary gland tumors and to determine which drugs and protocols are the most efficacious. Until such studies are performed, the treatment of canine mammary gland tumors will be based on the individual oncologist's understanding of tumor biology, experience, interpretation of the available studies, and a little bit of gut-feeling. Table 2 is a proposal for treatment guidelines for malignant canine mammary gland tumors according to established prognostic factors, results from published veterinary studies, and current recommendations for breast cancer treatment in women.     

南方水稻土中的磷酸铁对水稻磷素营养的意义

研究了我国南方18个不同类型水稻土标本的无机磷的形态。结果表明,非闭蓄态的磷酸盐,包括磷酸铝、磷酸铁和磷酸钙三种形态,一般占土壤无机磷总量的30—60%,其中磷酸铁一极占非闭蓄态总量的50—80%。土壤无机磷中另外的40-70%主要是被氧化铁胶膜包蔽的磷酸铁和磷酸铝。应用同位素P³²示踪法进行的水稻盆栽试验表明:在水稻不同生育期,土壤有效磷量“A”值与水稻土中非闭蓄态的磷酸铁化合物具有极显著的相关性(成熟期的r=0.95)。用P³²人工合成的两种不同晶形的磷酸铁进行了水稻盆栽试验;进一步指出:在水稻土的条件下,晶形的粉红磷铁矿对水稻具有良好的磷素供应能力。这些结果说明,水稻土中非闭蓄态的磷酸铁化合物,即使是以比较稳定的结晶状态存在,但却有可能作为水稻磷素营养的重要给源。室内试验表明,粉红磷铁矿所以对水稻磷素营养具有良好供应能力,以及酸性和中性水稻土中的非闭蓄态磷酸铁化合物,所以能作为水稻磷素营养的重要给源,主要是受渍水还原过程的影响,这一过程,使原来晶形的磷酸铁化合物转化为无定形的状态。     

Cloning and Characterization of Putative Hd6 Ortholog Associated with Zea mays L.Photoperiod Sensitivity

The photoperiod response of fowering is critical to the survival and successful reproduction in crops.The Hd6 gene,encoding a protein similar to the Arabidopsis α-subunit of CASEIN KINASE2α(CK2α)has been reported to affect flowering time through the photoperiodic pathway in rice.In this study,the maize ortholog,ZmHd6,has been cloned and its role in the photoperiodic pathway was investigated.ZmHd6 encodes 332 amino acids with six distinct domains: two CK2 active domains,a nuclear localization signal sequence,a N terminal domain,an ATP binding site,and an active site of serine/threonine protein kinase.ZmHd6 was constitutively expressed in the leaves and shoot apical meristem(SAM)with the highest expression in SAMs of plants with seven leaves under long and short day conditions.Delayed flowering time under long day(LD)conditions were observed in ZmHd6 overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared to the wild type.In transgenic Arabidopsis plants,ZmHd6 was expressed in a circadian oscillatory pattern,TOC1 peak expression was delayed,new G1,CO,and FT expressions reached to peak after 3 h while entering illumination period and oscillatory expression patterns of CO and FT were created during the dark phase.These results suggested that ZmHd6 might negatively regulate flowering time under LD conditions by delaying TOC1 peak expression and disrupting CO and FT expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.     

玉米出籽率、籽粒深度和百粒重的QTL分析

为研究玉米出籽率、籽粒深度、百粒重的遗传机制,以豫82×沈137组配的229个F_2:3家系为试验材料,采用复合区间作图法进行QTL定位分析。在3个环境下共检测到10个QTL。其中,控制出籽率、籽粒深度、百粒重相关QTL分别为3个、3个和4个,它们的联合贡献率分别为35.5%、28.1%和39.0%。位于第1染色体上介于标记umc1335与umc2236之间控制出籽率的QTL qKR1b和位于第9染色体上介于标记bnlg1209–umc2095之间控制百粒重QTL q100-KW9b,分别解释18.9%和11.7%的表型变异,且作用方式为加性效应,分析表明这些区域可能包含调控玉米籽粒性状关键基因,对剖析玉米产量形成机制具有重要的参考价值。