种植密度对机播条件下红玫瑰马铃薯结薯性状及产量的影响

为确定临沂市机播条件下红玫瑰彩色马铃薯的最佳播种密度,开展了机播马铃薯相同行距(90 cm)、不同株距(14、18、22、26 cm)的密度试验,分析了不同密度处理对红玫瑰马铃薯出苗期、现蕾期、开花期、成熟期、株高、茎粗、主茎数、马铃薯晚疫病发病情况、产量、商品薯率的影响.结果表明:随着播种密度的增加,红玫瑰物候期无明...     

Prognosis for presumed feline vaccine-associated sarcoma after excision: 61 cases (1986-1996)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate time to first recurrence (TFR) and overall survival in cats with presumed vaccine-associated sarcomas (VAS) treated with excision. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 61 cats with presumed VAS. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that received excision as the only initial treatment for presumed VAS were reviewed to evaluate prognosis. Overall survival curves and TFR were determined. RESULTS: Median TFR was 94 days. Median TFR for tumors treated with excision performed at a referral institution (274 days) was significantly longer than that for tumors excised by a referring veterinarian (66 days). Radical first excision yielded significantly longer median TFR (325 days) than did marginal first excision (79 days). Cats with tumors located on the limbs had longer median TFR (325 days) than cats with tumors located in other sites (66 days). Median overall survival time was 576 days. Significant differences in survival times between groups were not detected. Few cats (13.8%) receiving only surgical treatment had long-term (> 2 years) survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Radical first excision of presumed VAS is essential for extended TFR. Current recommendations for vaccination of the distal portions of the extremities are appropriate, because this practice permits radical excision of tumors (amputation) that develop at vaccination sites; however, surgery alone is seldom curative.     

RNA‐transfected CD40‐activated B cells as a vaccine strategy in canine malignancies

Introduction: Cell‐based vaccine strategies using dendritic cells as cellular adjuvant have entered phase III trials in humans and have been found to be safe, feasible, and potentially efficacious. Canine patients are generally smaller than adult human patients, which makes production of canine dendritic cell (DC) vaccines problematic, given patient size and the small number of available DC precursors. Here we describe feasibility studies of a novel cell‐based vaccine strategy which uses CD40‐activated B‐cells (CD40‐B) loaded with RNA. This strategy is based on our observations that RNA‐transfected human CD40‐B can drive anti‐tumor T cell responses. One advantage of using CD40‐B cells is the ability to expand this cell population ex vivo, allowing for the numbers of cells required for therapeutic vaccines. Methods: Twenty milliliters of blood were drawn from 6 normal dogs and 5 canine lymphoma patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll centrifugation. Culture conditions for B cell activation were optimized using CD40‐ligand, canine IL‐4, and Toll‐like receptor stimulus with CpGoligodinucleotides (ODN). Cyclosporine was added to eliminate peripheral T lymphocytes. Proliferation and activation of CD40‐B cells were demonstrated by CFSE dilution of B cells quantified by flow cytometry. Gene transfer was achieved by mRNA electroporation. Results: Marked in vitro stimulation and proliferation of canine peripheral B cells were achieved with soluble trimeric CD40L, canine IL‐4, and ODN. CD40‐B cells showed dramatic upregulation of MHC class II molecules and CD21 (B‐cell activation marker). After two weeks in culture, cells were negative for CD3 and CD4. Canine CD40‐B cells were efficiently transfected with mRNA, with >60% of CD40‐B expressing green fluorescent protein after GFP mRNA electroporation. Conclusion: RNA‐transfected CD40‐B cells can be efficiently generated from normal and tumor‐bearing dogs. These results provide rationale to test tumor RNA‐transfected CD40‐B as a novel therapeutic approach to treating canine malignancies. Clinical trials in canine lymphoma have been proposed.     

豫综5号玉米综合种淀粉含量轮回选择效果分析

【目的】评价豫综5号玉米群体淀粉含量的改良效果,为创制高淀粉玉米种质资源、选育高淀粉玉米杂交种和继续改良豫综5号的淀粉含量提供依据。【方法】以提高玉米群体淀粉含量为目标,利用近红外技术对豫综5号群体完成了4轮的群体改良。以改良群体为父本,以黄早4、丹340、齐319、掖478和Mo17为测验种,采用NC-II遗传交配设计组配成20个测交组合。通过对不同轮次改良群体和20个测交组合在2个环境中的评价试验,对豫综5号群体淀粉含量轮回选择的改良效果进行了比较研究。【结果】豫综5号群体的淀粉含量随着改良轮次的增加呈逐渐提高的趋势,由C0的69.39%增加到C4的72.31%,4轮选择后淀粉含量实际增益为2.92%。同时蛋白质和赖氨酸含量呈逐轮下降趋势。随着改良轮次的增加,各测验种与各轮改良群体测交组合的淀粉含量逐轮提高,说明非破坏性单粒淀粉含量的轮回选择对豫综5号淀粉含量的改良是有效的;就一般配合力而言,随着改良轮次的增加,淀粉含量的一般配合力呈逐轮提高的趋势;从特殊配合力分析结果表明,黄早4与各轮群体间特殊配合力效应值逐轮提高,其它4个测验种与群体特殊配合力效应值呈现一定的波动。【结论】利用非破坏性单粒淀粉含量的轮回选择改良豫综5号淀粉含量是有效的,随着改良轮次的增加,豫综5号的淀粉含量逐渐提高。     

八种中式烹饪工艺对牛肉中多环芳烃、反式脂肪酸和亚硝酸盐的影响

【目的】从蒸、煮、炖、烤、炸、煎、干制及腌制八种传统中式烹饪工艺中筛选获得有害物质较少的牛肉处理工艺,为消费者选择有害物质含量较低的烹饪工艺提供理论参考。【方法】通过调控烤、炸、煎3种高温处理的温度和时间,对比分析多环芳烃(PAHs)、反式油酸(C_(18:1 trans-9))及亚硝酸盐3类有害物质的组分及含量,选出较优的烤、炸、煎烹饪条件;在此基础上,综合分析烤、炸、煎与蒸、煮、炖、干制及腌制8种烹饪工艺对牛肉中有害物质的影响,进而选择较优的中式烹饪工艺。试验分别采用高效液相色谱外标法、气相色谱-质谱外标法及分光光度法测定牛肉中PAHs、C_(18:1 trans-9)及亚硝酸盐的含量。【结果】对照组中共检测出芘、苯并[a]蒽、苣和苯并[k]荧蒽4种,烤制以160—180℃处理为较优,有5种PAHs且含量低,炸制以3—4 min处理含量较低,煎制以2—3 min处理含量较低;8种中式烹饪中,炸、煎的肉样中PAHs种类最多,炸、腌制的肉样中苯并[a]蒽含量较高,蒸制及煎制的肉样中苣含量较高,烤、炸、煎的肉样中苯并[b]荧蒽含量较高,炸、煎的肉样中苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽含量较高。烤制温度对C_(18:1 trans-9)含量影响不显著(P0.05),炸制3 min和煎制2min的肉样中C_(18:1 trans-9)含量均最低(P0.05);8种中式烹饪中,炸、煎的肉样中C_(18:1 trans-9)含量较高(P0.05)。烤制160℃和180℃的肉样中亚硝酸盐含量均较低,炸制3 min和煎制2 min的亚硝酸盐含量最低(P0.05);8种烹饪工艺中,炸、煎及腌制的肉样中亚硝酸盐含量较高(P0.05)。【结论】对烤、炸、煎3种高温处理,肉样在160℃下烤制40 min,在226—228℃下炸制3 min、煎制2 min时3类有害物质含量较低;综合分析8种工艺,蒸制、煮制、炖制及干制的肉样中3类有害物质种类较少且含量较低。     

玉米株型相关基因ZmDwarf4的克隆及表达分析

以松散型玉米自交系沈137为材料,利用同源克隆法成功克隆与水稻Dwarf4基因同源的玉米Dwarf4基因。序列分析发现,该基因cDNA序列全长1 626 bp,开放阅读框1 521 bp,编码506个氨基酸,与高粱、水稻、拟南芥的氨基酸同源性分别为95%、89%和71%。Real-Time PCR分析表明,ZmDwarf4基因的表达量为3～11叶期表达量逐渐增加,9～11叶期达到最大量,12～19叶期表达量逐渐降低,推测ZmDwarf4基因正向调控玉米叶夹角的大小。ZmDwarf4基因的表达量在叶片中最高,在叶枕中最低。不同激素处理的结果表明,用植物激素（IAA）处理的样品ZmDwarf4基因的表达量始终高于对照;用Brassinolide（BR）处理的样品6叶期ZmDwarf4基因的表达量高于对照,7～10叶期该基因的表达趋势与对照基本一致,但始终低于对照;用IAA+BR处理的样品,该基因的表达趋势与对照基本一致,但高于对照。ZmDwarf4参与玉米BR生物合成途径,进而调控其相关株型建成。     

Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time

The purpose of this study was to characterize canine prostate cancer using immunohistochemical staining specific for acinar and urothelial/ductal tissue and correlate these results with the dogs' castration status/castration time. Seventy dogs with prostate cancer were included, 71% were castrated and 29% were intact. Compared with an age‐matched control population, castrated dogs were at increased risk of prostate cancer, odds ratio 3.9. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 58 cases. Forty‐six of the 58 stained positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) (ductal/urothelial origin) and one of the 58 stained positive for prostate‐specific antigen. Dogs with CK 7‐positive tumours were younger when castrated than dogs with CK 7‐negative tumours, 2 versus 7 years (P = 0.03); dogs castrated at ≤2 years of age were more likely to be CK 7‐positive (P = 0.009). These results show that most canine prostatic carcinomas are of ductal/urothelial, androgen‐independent origin. This is consistent with the epidemiological findings, showing increased risk in castrated dogs. Canine prostate cancer may, therefore, not be a realistic model for the human disease.     

Recurrence rates and sites for grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumors following complete surgical excision.

A retrospective study was performed on 31 dogs with completely excised, grade II, cutaneous mast cell tumors in order to determine recurrence rates and sites. Distant tumor recurrence developed in 22% of dogs, and local tumor recurrence developed in 11% of dogs; however, the vast majority of these animals were incompletely staged initially. Complete surgical excision of grade II mast cell tumors was associated with effective local control in 89% of these dogs. Therefore, adjuvant radiation therapy might not be indicated in the majority of dogs with complete surgical excision.     

Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma

BACKGROUND: Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a fatal malignancy, and most affected dogs die within a few months of diagnosis. Most dogs present with signs from tumor rupture, resulting in hemoabdomen and intra-abdominal dissemination. The abdomen is also the main site of disease recurrence. HYPOTHESIS: Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of doxorubicin will delay or prevent intra-abdominal tumor recurrence and prolong survival in dogs with HSA. ANIMALS: Fourteen dogs with splenic HSA. METHODS: A prospective, unmasked, uncontrolled clinical trial. After staging of disease status and splenectomy, pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg body weight) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. All dogs were monitored for recurrence of HSA. Samples of plasma and abdominal fluid were collected for measurement of doxorubicin concentration and pharmacokinetic analysis. Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of liposomal doxorubicin administered IP. RESULTS: All 14 dogs died, 12 because of HSA and 2 from other causes. Postmortem examination was performed on 12 dogs. All 12 dogs died because of HSA-related causes and had hepatic metastases and hemoabdomen. The IP-treated dogs had fewer serosal, mesenteric, and omental metastases than historical controls treated with systemic doxorubicin. Results of the postmortem examination and pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that IP delivery of doxorubicin resulted in an effective drug concentration with a clearance comparable with that after i.v. delivery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: IP pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin administration did not prevent intraabdominal recurrence of HSA in dogs.