农业生产率及其影响因素的相关分析

采用典型相关分析方法，构建了农业生产率的典型相关模型，定量判别各影响因素的变动对农业生产率的作用程度，并对计算结果进行了经济分析。     

农艺措施对大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响

探讨了栽培密度、撒可富专用肥、思德富多元长效肥等农艺措施对大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响。结果表明 ,密度对蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和蛋白脂肪总含量的影响不大。在各种栽培密度中 ,品种九三 97- 6 0是在 30万株 /hm2 时籽粒的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和蛋白脂肪总含量均达到最高值 ,而对于品种九三 96 - 12 7来说 ,是在 2 5万株 /hm2 时三者达到最高。并且 ,蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋白脂肪总含量对栽培密度敏感程度因品种而异。撒可富专用肥和思德富多元长效肥均使蛋白质含量增加 ,使脂肪含量降低。施用撒可富专用肥后 ,蛋白脂肪总含量变化因处理而异。施用思德富后 ,蛋白脂肪总含量有所增加。     

Phytosanitary status of grapevine in Montenegro

During 2006 and 2007, a survey on the incidence and distribution of fourteen grapevine viruses was carried out in the Skadar Lake basin, one of the two main grapevine‐growing areas of Montenegro. In total 165 samples were collected from four red (‘Vranac’, ‘Krato?ija’, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cardinal’), two white (‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Rkaciteli’) and a few unknown grapevine varieties in the vicinity of Podgorica and Bar. The phytosanitary status of the collected samples was analysed by DAS‐ELISA and the presence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 1 (GLRaV‐1), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2) and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) was confirmed in some of them. The most frequently found virus in assayed samples was GLRaV‐3 (54.5%), followed by GFLV (23%), GLRaV‐1 (20%) and GLRaV‐2 (0.6%). These serological analyses showed the absence of Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 6 (GLRaV‐6), Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 7 (GLRaV‐7), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) and Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) from all tested samples.     

酒用糯高粱资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

【目的】干旱是影响酒用糯高粱生产的主要因素之一,鉴定酒用糯高粱资源成株期的抗旱性,筛选抗旱指标,培育抗旱品种,对高粱产业的发展具有重要意义。【方法】以50份酒用糯高粱资源为材料,于2015年和2016年设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理在旱棚内进行田间试验,测定株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重和产量,采用抗旱性度量值(D值)、综合抗旱系数(CDC值)、加权抗旱系数(WDC)、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的方法,对其进行成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。【结果】干旱胁迫对各指标均有极显著影响。相关分析表明,产量与分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与穗长、茎粗和千粒重呈显著正相关,与株高呈不显著的正相关。频次分析表明,各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为产量、穗粒数、分蘖数、单株粒重、千粒重、茎粗、穗长和株高。主成分分析表明,5个主成分可代表酒用糯高粱抗旱性84.26%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的供试酒用糯高粱材料抗旱性排序相近。灰色关联度分析表明,各指标DC值与D值间的关联度大小依次为产量、分蘖数、穗粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、穗长、茎粗和株高,这与各指标DC值与WDC值的密切程度基本吻合。根据D值进行聚类分析,可将供试酒用糯高粱材料划分为5个抗旱级别,其中Ⅰ级2份、Ⅱ级16份、Ⅲ级28份、Ⅳ级2份、Ⅴ级2份。除茎粗和分蘖数外,其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随抗旱级别的升高而增大。逐步回归分析表明,与D值密切相关的指标有分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重。【结论】干旱胁迫对酒用糯高粱资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。确定了D值为适宜的抗旱性鉴定方法。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的酒用糯高粱材料分别为粱丰141-3和粱丰247-3,可为酒用糯高粱抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。分蘖数、穗粒数和单株粒重可作为酒用糯高粱资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。     

大豆GmFTL3和GmFTL5启动子的组织特异性表达分析

大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因具有很高的序列相似性,均参与大豆开花调节,但表达模式并不相同,本研究以启动子为突破口,分析这两个基因之间的表达差异。从大豆品种天隆1号中克隆GmFTL3和GmFTL5的启动子,构建载体pGmFTL3pro::GUS和pGmFTL5pro::GUS,转化拟南芥进行GUS染色分析。结果显示：无论长日条件还是短日条件,苗期和花器官中GmFTL3启动子均不驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,而GmFTL5启动子则驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,且在苗期的不同阶段呈现组织表达特异性。在花器官中,GmFTL5启动子驱动GUS基因主要在花萼、花瓣、花药和花粉粒中表达。实时定量结果显示,在大豆中,GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因均有表达。综上所述,大豆GmFTL3启动子在大豆中有活性但在拟南芥中无活性;GmFTL5启动子在大豆和拟南芥中均有活性,但表达可能存在差异; GmFTL5启动子在花器官中表达可能暗示GmFTL5基因与花器官发育有关。     

六盘山叠叠沟小流域4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价

深入认识和定量评价植被土壤层的水文调节功能,是干旱半干旱区生态工程建设和流域水土资源管理的重要科学依据。文中在宁夏六盘山北侧半干旱区的叠叠沟小流域,分析了4种典型植被(华北落叶松林、白桦林、沙棘灌丛和草地)100cm土层的土壤容重、持水能力和渗透性等土壤水文物理性质,运用坐标综合评定法定量评价了其土壤水文调节功能。结果表明:土壤容重(g/cm3)以沙棘灌丛(1.17)最高,白桦林、华北落叶松林和天然草地较接近(1.05~1.07);土壤总孔隙度表现为华北落叶松林(54.41%)>白桦林(53.30%)>天然草地(51.91%)>沙棘灌丛(50.11%);华北落叶松林和白桦林的蓄水性能和渗透性能要优于沙棘灌丛和草地。综合评价结果显示:白桦林地的土壤水文调节功能最强(0.0008),华北落叶松林地(0.0148)和沙棘灌丛(0.0678)次之,草地的土壤水文调节功能最差(0.2418)。     

Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with alfalfa in Serbian soils

We have evaluated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of alfalfa rhizobia, originating from different types of soils in Serbia and their ability to establish an effective symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A collection of 65 strains isolated from root nodules of alfalfa were characterized by rep-PCR analysis, partial and complete 16S rDNA gene and recA gene sequencing, as well as atpD gene sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridizations. The results of the sequence analyses revealed that Sinorhizobium meliloti is the dominant species in alfalfa nodules. Only one strain was identified as Sinorhizobium medicae, two strains as Rhizobium tibeticum and one strain as Rhizobium sp. Despite the fact that the majority of strains were identified as S. meliloti, a high genetic diversity at strain level was detected. Almost all isolates shared the ability to nodulate and fix nitrogen with M. sativa, except 11 of them, which were incapable of fixing nitrogen with this species. About 50% of the isolates showed values of symbiotic effectiveness (SE) above 50%, while 10% of the strains were highly effective with SE values above 70%. Some of the strains which were highly effective in nitrogen fixation at the same time could intensively solubilize phosphates, offering a possibility for multipurpose inoculum development. This was the first genetic study of rhizobia isolated from this region and also the first report of natural presence of R. tibeticum in root nodules of M. sativa.     

Eine Methode zur integrierten Bekämpfung des Rüsselkäfers (Hylobius abietis L.)

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, da? es m?glich ist, durch die Anwendung subletaler Konzentrationen des Insektizids DTHP, d. h. durch eine allgemeine Schw?chung des Organismus erwachsener Rüsselk?fer (Hylobius abietis L.), eine geeignete Disposition dieses Sch?dlings zur Infektion durch den parasitischen PilzBeauveria bassiana (Bals-Criv.) Vuill. herbeizuführen. Die K?fer, die in Fangrinden oder Fallen an Kiefern? stchen — welche in ein kombiniertes Pr?parat einer 0,05% DTHP-Suspension (Organophosphorverbindung vom Dipterex-Typ, technischer Block 0,0-Dimethyl-2,2,2-trichlor-1-hydroxy?thyl-phosphonat) mit 0,1% Sporen vonBeauveria bassiana getaucht worden waren — konzentriert wurden, nahmen keine Nahrung mehr auf und starben allm?hlich ab. Wie die histologischen Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, wurden Erkrankung und Tod der K?fer durch den genannten parasitischen Pilz herbeigeführt. Obwohl nur zwei Vergleichsfl?chen zur Verfügung standen, ist aus dem obengesagten klar, da? bei der Anwendung des kombinierten Pr?parates mit einer gewissen selektiven Wirkung gerechnet werden kann: W?hrend an der nur mit 1% DTHP behandelten Versuchsfl?che ungef?hr 2,5% nützlicher Insekten unter den get?teten K?fern festgestellt wurden (vor allem Laufk?fer der GattungPterostichus), betrug der Prozentsatz der get?teten nützlichen Insekten bei der Anwendung des kombinierten Pr?parates (DTHPBeauveria bassiana-Sporen) nur 0,25%. Die angeführten Versuche bewiesen die Anwendbarkeit der Kombination von Insektiziden — in subletalen Dosen oder Konzentrationen — mit Sporen parasitischer Pilze.     

Structure and diversity of small-mammal communities of lowland forests in the rural central European landscape

Small-mammal communities were monitored over 4 years in South Moravian rural lowland forests in order to study relationships with various forest habitat types. Early successional sites (plantations) and forest edges maintained communities with higher abundance and diversity. Lowest total abundance was observed in unmanaged lowland forest and highest abundance in plantations with irregular undergrowth management. Low diversity was typical of non-fruiting monocultures. In plantations, both diversity and abundance were affected by herb layer removal, with sites subject to regular cutting, displaying lower levels. Significant differences in diversity and species richness were only detected between early and late successional sites, with the former showing higher values. Two basic small-mammal community groups were determined; (1) those inhabiting sites with a thick herb undergrowth and an open tree canopy (plantation) and (2) those inhabiting stands with sparse or no herb layer and a closed canopy (high forest). Forest stands support long-term populations of dominant small forest-dwelling mammal species and, as such, serve as reservoirs, even in rural landscapes dominated by intensive arable farming. Managed early succession lowland forests represent important refuges for a number of small open-habitat mammals negatively affected by intensive farming.     

内蒙古典型湖泊秋季浮游植物群落特征及与环境变量的关系

2011年8月对内蒙古岱海、乌梁素海和呼伦湖等3个典型湖泊的浮游植物群落结构及水环境状况进行了调查。结果表明,3个湖泊都已达到富营养化水平,部分指标超过V类水标准,水环境状况不容乐观。呼伦湖和乌梁素海的浮游植物优势种为蓝藻且密度较高;因特殊的水环境条件,岱海的浮游植物优势种为绿藻中的卵囊藻。CCA分析结果表明,Cd和CODMn是影响秋季岱海浮游植物群落演替的重要因子;TP和BOD5是乌梁素海的重要因子;呼伦湖浮游植物群落结构受到影响的环境因子较多。