农业科研院校科技档案信息化管理体系在科研绩效评价中的作用

简述农业科研院校科技档案的内涵及作用,分析农业科研院校科技档案管理存在的问题,提出构建农业科研院校科技档案信息化管理体系的建议。     

不同比例红蓝LED灯对蔬菜育苗的补光效应

为解决华南地区冬春季节蔬菜育苗缺光现象,采用不同比例红蓝光组合的LED灯（红 ∶ 蓝=7 ∶ 3,7R3B;红 ∶ 蓝=8 ∶ 2,8R2B;红 ∶ 蓝=9 ∶ 1,9R1B）进行补光,以自然光为对照,探讨不同光质的LED灯补光对苦瓜、豆角、茄子和辣椒育苗的效应。结果表明：不同的红蓝光组合LED灯补光对苦瓜、豆角、茄子和辣椒育苗具有一定的促进作用,其中对苦瓜幼苗的鲜重、地下部分干物质积累、叶绿素含量以及根系活力具有显著的促进效应;对豆角幼苗地下部分干物质积累、叶绿素含量以及根系活力具有显著的促进效应;对辣椒和茄子的形态指标和生理指标均有显著的促进效应,辣椒育苗的最适壮苗光源为9R1B,茄子育苗的最适壮苗光源为8R2B。     

大蕉枯萎病病原菌鉴定及TEF-1α序列分析

 近年来,大蕉枯萎病在广东省东莞市发生严重,为了有效控制病害发生蔓延,生产上急需明确大蕉枯萎病的病原。本研究收集了我国华南地区的12株大蕉枯萎病病原菌及19株包括1号及4号生理小种的单孢菌株,以来源于澳大利亚的1号、2号、3号和亚热带4号生理小种以及4株非病原尖孢镰孢菌作对照,通过病原菌形态鉴定、致病性测定、4号小种(Foc 4)及热带4号小种(TR4)的分子特异检测、以及基于翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列的系统发育分析,对大蕉枯萎病病原菌进行鉴定。同时,对我国华南地区不同来源的香蕉枯萎病病原菌的遗传发育关系及致病性分化情况进行了研究。结果表明:(1)引起大蕉枯萎病的病原菌主要是1号生理小种或者是与1号生理小种亲缘关系较近的一个新的系统发育谱系,该谱系可能为 1 号生理小种变异演化而来;(2)大蕉枯萎病病原菌对大蕉和粉蕉都有较强的致病力,但不能侵染香蕉;我国的1号小种存在一定的分化,其中有一个类群只能感染粉蕉,另一个类群既能感染粉蕉也能感染大蕉;(3)大蕉与粉蕉枯萎病的病原菌在致病性及遗传发育关系上都存在一定的交叉和分化。     

新疆旅游饭店等级、规模、空间结构的分析与对策

旅游饭店的档次结构、规模结构和空间结构特征是衡量旅游饭店业和地区旅游业供给特征的重要指标。本文从档次、规模、空间分布等多角度分析新疆旅游涉外饭店的发展现状 ,发现新疆旅游饭店的产业规模逐渐扩大的同时 ,旅游饭店等级、规模及空间结构等却存在诸多不合理性。从国内外旅游饭店业发展的经验分析 ,如果不妥善处理这种不合理性 ,将会影响新疆旅游饭店业的健康发展     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

Several possible spawning sites of the Japanese eel determined from collections of their eggs and preleptocephali

The spawning area of the Japanese eel is located at the southern part of the West Mariana Ridge in the western North Pacific, but their spawning events have not been observed. To further understand Japanese eel spawning ecology, an interdisciplinary research survey by the R/V NATSUSHIMA (NT14-09, 14 May–4 June 2014) was conducted to detect spawning sites based on the seamount, salinity front, new moon and third quadrant (spawning south of front, west of ridge) hypotheses. Attempts were made to film spawning events with underwater camera systems and to consider if eels might be detected in hydroacoustic observations. Although no Japanese eels or spawning events were video-recorded and no eel aggregations could be clearly identified acoustically, three eggs were collected at two stations in the third quadrant region at or just south of 13° N on 26 and 27 May. Three or four days later, newly hatched preleptocephali were collected at two stations far to the south, including 224 at a station > 160 km southwest of the egg catches, and a few preleptocephali were caught at two stations closer to the egg stations. The eggs and southern preleptocephali were from discrete spawning events, which indicated that at least two spawning sites occurred in May 2014.

     

Glu A1和 Glu D1位点高分子量谷蛋白亚基共同缺失对弱筋小麦品质的影响

为了研究高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMWGS)缺失对小麦品质的影响,以 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失材料2GS041410作供体亲本,以弱筋小麦品种扬麦13和扬麦18作轮回亲本进行回交,构建不同遗传背景的BC¹F³和BC²F³群体,测定受体、供体亲本的品质,以及回交群体BC¹F³和BC²F³中 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失纯合单株及两位点均正常表达纯合单株的品质。结果表明,供体2GS041410具有较低的SDS沉降值、较短的面团形成时间和稳定时间;在BC¹F³和BC²F³中, GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS共同缺失对蛋白含量影响不显著,但可显著或极显著降低SDS沉降值和水溶剂保持力(SRC)。 GluA1和 GluD1位点HMWGS双缺失在弱筋小麦品质育种中具有一定的应用价值。     

蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和红腐病菌的抑制活性研究

在实验条件下,采用菌丝生长速率测定法,以棉花枯萎病菌、棉红腐病菌为供试菌,对茵陈、黄蒿、艾蒿等3种蒿属植物提取物的抗菌活性进行了研究。结果表明,供试3种蒿属植物提取物对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花红腐病菌均具有较好的抗菌活性,其中尤以艾蒿提取物的抗菌活性强而稳定,48~96h对上述两病菌的菌丝抑制率均达80%以上;丙酮提取物的抗菌活性强于乙醇提取物,前者的EC50为1.4785 mg/L ,后者的为3.2090 mg/L。间歇振荡法、超声波法、冷浸法提取物对供试菌的72h菌丝抑制率分别为84.34% 、84.56%、88.7% ,可见同种溶剂不同提取方法所得提取物抗菌活性基本一致。     

塞罕坝机械林场地表可燃物类型划分与载量研究

对塞罕坝机械林场8个林分类型108个林班的地表森林可燃物组成、载量、含水率等进行了调查。结果表明落叶松成林和幼林、樟子松成林和幼林、针叶混交林、桦次生林等林分地表可燃物以枯落物为主,栎次生林和灌木林地表可燃物由枯落物与灌木组成,未成林地与草地可燃物以草本植物为主;地表可燃物载量依次为落叶松成林〉落叶松幼林〉针叶混交林〉樟子松成林〉樟子松未成林〉针阔混交林〉桦次生林〉樟子松幼林〉落叶松未成林〉灌木林〉栎次生林〉草地;草地与栎次生林的含水率最低,着火点也最低,火险危险程度最高;将现有林分按燃烧类型划分为5个类型20个亚类,全场地表可燃物总载量约为2．5×10^6t。