石家庄污灌区污水灌溉技术的研究

分析了国内外污水灌溉的研究和发展,以石家庄市污灌区为研究对象,在分析预测未来30年污水水质水量特点的基础上,采用不同的灌水技术,利用环境容量法,分析预测了在不同务件下土壤和作物中重金属和石油类浓度的发展以及相应的污清水的灌溉需水量。针对该灌区土壤现状和污水水质特点,提出了建议的合理污水灌溉技术,以保证以土壤为中心的生态系统的可持续发展。     

输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统关键技术研究

[目的]研发一套集数据采集、存储、分析等功能的输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统,以提高水土保持监测工作质量和效率。[方法]以影响水土流失的气象因子(包含雨量、温度、湿度、风速、风向等)与土壤含水量作为研究对象,选择符合技术要求的传感器,将传统的水土保持监测设备与最新测试技术、计算机技术和通信技术相结合,初步集成研发了水土保持在线监测系统关键技术。[结果]经现场试运行验证,系统关键技术测试数据误差率小于5%,精确度和可靠性较高。系统运行状态稳定,软件用户界面操作简单且功能完善,采集和处理数据具有直观、准确、实时的优点。[结论]研制的输变电工程水土保持在线监测系统关键技术具有良好的稳定性和精确度,满足技术要求,可应用于输变电工程水土流失监测实践工作中。     

Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.     

代料栽培糙皮侧耳配方与品种筛选

以玉米秆、玉米芯、麦草等为主要原料进行7个配方10个糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)品种筛选试验,以袋出菇产量进行评价,结果表明:最佳配方依次为B2(棉籽壳40%+木屑20%+玉米秆30%)、B3(棉籽壳21%+木屑9%+玉米秆60%)、B6(玉米芯90%)、B7(麦草90%)、B5(木屑30%+玉米秆60%)、B4(玉米秆90%);以生物学效率进行评价,首选配方为B3,次之为B4、B7、B6、B2、B5。供试菌种产量排序结果表明:A10(5902)高产性状明显,次之为A2(新8)、A1(农平10号)、A9(优88)和A8(新科170);综合产量和生物形态学表现,秸秆代料栽培适宜品种为A10、A2、A1、A9、A5(黑平王)、和A7(原生2号),其中,玉米秆配方(B4、B3、B2)适宜栽培品种为A10、A2、A9、A1,玉米芯配方(B6)适宜品种为A10、A5和A7;麦草配方B7适宜品种为A10、A6(黑优抗)、A2和A1。最佳秸秆配方与品种组合为:(A10-B2)、(A10-B3)和(A2-B2)。     

益生元低聚糖对发酵乳杆菌CH4的促生长作用

内蒙古奶豆腐中分离的一株优良益生特性的乳杆菌菌株CH4经API 50 CHL和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)。本研究分析了益生元对CH4生长的促进作用。单因子试验表明,棉籽糖对CH4的促生长能力最强,添加量为1.5%,培养时间为10 h有利于菌株CH4的生长。利用正交试验进行验证,最终确定发酵乳杆菌CH4的生长条件为:培养基中添加1.5%棉籽糖,培养11 h,发酵乳杆菌CH4的活菌数达到8.65×1010CFU/m L,与未添加低聚糖培养时相比提高40倍。     

海洋细菌B177的鉴定及活性物质研究

运用卤虫和玉米纹枯病菌为筛选靶标,从中国南海海泥的94株细菌中分离筛选到1株具有杀虫、抗菌活性的海洋细菌B177菌株。卤虫和玉米纹枯病菌筛选模型测定结果表明,当PSA为发酵液时,LD50值最低,为1.3μg.mL-1;当滤纸片加20μL(5mg.mL-1浓度)发酵粗提取物溶液时,抗玉米纹枯病菌抑菌圈直径可达26mm。对B177的形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征、16S rDNA序列进行了系统的研究,鉴定其为Micrococcus yunnanensis,其16S rDNA GenBank登录号为HQ439904。对其活性物质进行初步分离纯化研究。     

Soil aggregate characteristics and stability of soil carbon stocks in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus tabulaeformis</Emphasis> plantation

Pinus tabulaeformis has been widely planted in order to conserve soil and water and improve the ecological environment in China. This study aimed to unravel how soil aggregates and soil carbon (C) stock stability of a P. tabulaeformis plantation change after 60 years of natural development and was performed in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa shrub (shrub), a P. tabulaeformis forest (pine), and a coniferous broadleaf P. tabulaeformis mixed forest (pine-oak). Afforestation increased the stability of soil aggregates in the 0–10 cm soil layer but resulted in a decrease in the 10–20 cm soil layer. However, the presence of deciduous broadleaf species in the pine plantation improved the stability of soil aggregates. The total soil C stock was increased by afforestation, especially in the pine-oak forest, where it reached a significant level. The mineral soil C stock in the shrub stand was higher than that in pine and lower than that in pine-oak forests, but the C fractions had a different change. Afforestation increased the C fraction of macroaggregates in the 0–10 cm soil layer but decreased it in the 10–20 cm soil layer. This result suggested that afforestation could improve soil C stabilization in deeper soil. However, the pine-oak forest had a higher C fraction of macroaggregates than the pine forest in the 10–20 cm soil layer, indicating that soil C stabilization of the P. tabulaeformis plantation decreased when deciduous broadleaf species were present and thus formed the coniferous broadleaf mixed forest.     

偏重亚硫酸钠钝化生豆粕胰蛋白酶抑制因子的研究

试验用不同浓度的Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ５处理生豆粕，进行适宜水平研究。结果表明，当生豆粕ＴＩＡ和ＵＡ分别为２９．７２酶活单位和１．９５△ｐＨ时，分别用０．３％、０．４％、０．５％和０．６％ＮａＳ２Ｏ５处理ＲＳＢＭ，ＴＩＡ依次降低了５１．８％、５５．９６％、５９．８３％和５２．０５％，均极显著地低于ＲＳＢＭ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。０．３％Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ５对ＵＡ无影响，其它处理ＵＡ提高约０．０６△ｐＨ。     

大蒜花芽分化的细胞组织学研究

从解剖学及细胞组织学角度对大蒜花序及花的发育进行了系统观察。结果表明：大蒜在７叶１心时开始花序分化。花序轴基部先产生３枚总苞叶原基，同时顶端分化出顶花原基。顶花原基形成后，整个花序轴分为３～４个分生组织区，之后每个分生组织区顶端再产生１个花原基，并分为３～４个小区，如此反复进行多次，最终组成聚伞类伞形花序。花原基初形成时为球形，不久引长成棒状，在其顶端依次分化出外轮花被片原基和外轮雄蕊原基，内轮花被片原基和内轮雄蕊原基，心皮原基和胚珠原基。文中还对大蒜花序及花分化中的特殊现象进行了初步研究，分析了大蒜不能结实的原因，以期为大蒜有性生殖提供理论依据。