杂交棉A—92的高产生理特点与配套栽培技术探讨

就杂交棉Ａ－９２生长发育特点、干物质生产与分配，产量形成规律及配套栽培等方面进行探讨。结果表明：杂交棉Ａ－９２干物质生产与积累、籽皮棉产量、单株成铃数、铃重、总果节数、节枝比、铃枝比、叶面积系数、根系活力等均高于对照种鄂荆１号，具有明显地竞争优势。杂种主要来源于单株叶面积扩大，特别是果枝叶面积增长速度较快；产量优势主要表现为早发明显、伏明桃增多和单铃重增加。结合多年示范、试验结果，栽培技术上在适当     

啤酒大麦优质高产栽培措施及收藏要领

啤酒大麦作为我国啤酒工业的重要原料,不仅要求有较好的外观色泽、较高的内在品质、较低的蛋白质含量、较高的千粒重,还需保持较高的发芽率。所以,熟练掌握啤酒大麦的优质高产栽培措施和其安全贮藏技术,是提高啤酒大麦生产效益和使用价值的关键所在。啤酒大麦的优质高产栽培必须以主攻穗数、稳定粒数、提高粒重为目标,确保每公顷成穗数达750万～825万、每穗20～22粒、千粒重40g以上,确保每公顷产量突破6000～6750kg;而其安全贮藏则必须做到适时收获、及时摊晒、科学堆放、科学防治病虫等四点。     

饲用复合酶对蛋用种鸡日粮磷的利用和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷日粮添加复合酶制剂对蛋用种鸡磷的利用和生产性能的影响。选用972只24周龄罗曼褐父母代种鸡,分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复54只种鸡。采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型基础饲粮,正对照组含总磷0.55%,非植酸磷0.40%,不加酶;负对照组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,不加酶;试验组含总磷0.40%,非植酸磷0.21%,加酶制剂。试验期18周。结果表明:在低非植酸磷的日粮中添加复合酶,粪便中磷含量极显著低于正对照组(P<0.01);粪便中粗蛋白质含量显著低于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05);显著改善蛋黃顔色(P<0.05);不影响生产性能、骨骼发育和蛋壳质量。添加200 g/t复合酶替代罗曼褐蛋用种鸡日粮中75%的磷酸氢钙能够降低饲料成本,提高养殖企业的经济效益,对罗曼褐蛋用种鸡生产性能无不利影响。     

GA3不同浓度和施用时期对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓花期和生殖能力的影响

本研究以5年生‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓为试材,以清水为对照,开展 GA₃ 不同浓度和不同施用时期的喷施处理,调查与分析各处理对开花物候期、结果枝比率、平均每枝花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等参数的影响,以此评价GA₃不同浓度和不同施用时期对蓝莓花期和生殖能力调节的效果,以期探索适用的蓝莓花期延迟技术,为生产栽培花期管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明,GA₃不同浓度和不同时期的处理对‘灿烂’兔眼蓝莓的开花物候期有着明显的影响,随施浓度的增加开花物候期延迟的时间逐渐延长,但同时其结果枝比率、平均每枝的花朵数、花粉活力、柱头可授性和胚囊活力等雌雄器官的生殖能力均逐渐降低。此外,在采果后不同时期第一次喷施500 mg/L GA₃的处理对成花和生殖能力的影响更为显著,整体上呈现为施用时期越早,成花效果越差,雌雄性器官的生殖能力亦越低。综合分析表明,施用GA₃可以延迟其花期7 d左右,但第一次施用时期过早,或施用浓度过高均不同程度地影响蓝莓的成花效果和生殖能力,在采果后第30 d施用500 mg/L的GA₃效果较好。     

多花黑麦草品种比较试验

对特高、富源、杰威、沃土几个牧草品种作了品比试验,测定了生育期、再生性能、营养成分、茎叶比、产草量等。生长速度:沃土(1.440 cm/d)>特高(1.386 cm/d)>杰威(1.278 cm/d)>富源(1.190 cm/d)。初花期茎叶比:特高最小(1.49),其次是杰威(1.88)、沃土(1.92),富源最大(2.27)。产量:沃土和特高分别达到4 413.6、3 920.2 kg/667m2,其次是杰威,富源在试验中产量最低,经方差分析差异达极显著水平。粗蛋白含量:富源>特高>沃土>杰威。粗脂肪含量:特高>沃土>杰威>富源。综合分析,沃土和特高是较好的品种,适宜刈割时期为抽穗前。     

新型保铃剂防治棉花烂铃的效应

应用新型保铃剂进行了防治棉花烂铃的效果试验.结果表明,在棉花生长盛期,用新型保铃剂进行多次叶面喷施,结合科学栽培管理措施,可以起到防治烂铃、增加产量的效果,与不用保铃荆的处理相比,烂铃减少13%,产量增加16%;在每公顷密度15 000株、氮肥用量450 kg的情况下,配合喷施新型保铃剂的互作效应最好,烂铃最多减少42%,产量最多增加17%.     

长江流域发展机采棉的现状与展望

分析了目前国际国内形势复杂变化的情况下,发展长江流域机采棉产业的现状和必要性,明确了长江流域发展机采棉的优势,分析了机采棉推广面临的问题与挑战,探讨了长江流域机采棉发展的战略。对以下几个方面提出合理化建议：长江流域机采棉发展区域化优化布局;充分利用本区域冬闲田发展小麦、油菜作物;在长江流域两湖（洞庭湖、鄱阳湖）两江（长江、汉江）近700000 hm2滩涂旱地宜棉区扩大种植棉油（麦）双直播双机采;形成以棉增油、棉油双稳的格局。     

江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌种群检测与抗药性分析

本研究旨在检测江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌的种群组成与对传统杀菌剂单剂的抗性严重度。以江苏溧阳、通州和盐城地区小麦赤霉病菌子囊孢子为试材,鉴定其优势种群,检测对多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的抗性。结果表明：江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌株中全部检测到亚细亚镰孢,是绝对优势种群;禾谷镰孢占比最高是溧阳地区的14%,最低是通州地区的8%,平均占比为11.33%,显著低于亚细亚镰孢占比;江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性频率介于26.3%~54.5%;未检测到戊唑醇和咪鲜胺具有抗性的赤霉菌株。综上,江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌优势种群是亚细亚镰孢,其对多菌灵单剂已产生严重抗性,未发现对戊唑醇和咪鲜胺产生抗性。     

Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.