Soil water affects transpiration response to rainfall and vapor pressure deficit in poplar plantation

Influences of environmental factors on transpiration are interactive. Sensitivities of transpiration responses to both evaporative demand and rainfall under contrasting soil water conditions constitute the physiological basis of the drought tolerance of trees. Such knowledge is practically significant for plantation management, especially for irrigation management. We therefore conducted a 6-year study on the transpiration of a poplar plantation in temperate China to elucidate the existence and pattern of the influence of the soil water over stand transpiration responses to (1) vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the major indicator of air dryness and (2) the rainfall, in terms of total amount and event size. The results showed that the response of plantation transpiration (E _c ) to VPD was conditioned by soil moisture. There was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of maximum sap flux under contrasting soil relative extractable water. E _c after rainfall of different sizes varied under similar VPD. The increasing occurrences of only large rainfall events led to enhanced total E _c during the growing season, but prolonged rainless intervals did not lead to a continuous decrease of E _c , suggesting appreciable supplements from the soil water were present to sustain transpiration. In addition, the balance of soil water between replenishment and extraction also conditioned the influence of rainfall over subsequent E _c during the respective rainless intervals. Based on the E _c responses to VPD and rainfall under different soil moisture levels, irrigation that directly replenishes the deep soil layers in order to alleviate water stress on transpiration during the small-rain event-dominated growing season is an effective and water-saving approach to guarantee trees survival during drought period.     

甩挂运输车队运营组织模式分析

甩挂运输作为一种节能减排、低碳高效的运输方式,也是我国目前大力倡导推行的运输方式之一,甩挂运输不仅是发展低碳物流的手段,也是企业提高工作效率,获得更大的经济效益和社会效益的可行之举.在国家政策和行业发展的推动下,甩挂运输必将成为运输行业的发展趋势.本文对甩挂运输的工作原理进行介绍,并针对甩挂运输的车队运营组织模式进行分析,将其分为4大类.结合图像对每一类运营组织模式的特点进行研究,并通过实例分析,得出该类模式的适用情况.通过系统的比较和分析这4种不同的车队组织运营模式,从理论上为物流运输企业开展甩挂运输的车队运营组织模式选择提供决策依据.     

Patterns of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection of three salmonid species in large,deep Norwegian lakes

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is of serious ecological and economical concern to wild and farmed salmonids. Wild salmonid populations have declined due to PKD, primarily in rivers, in Europe and North America. Deep lakes are also important habitats for salmonids, and this work aimed to investigate parasite presence in five deep Norwegian lakes. Kidney samples from three salmonid species from deep lakes were collected and tested using real-time PCR to detect PKD parasite presence. We present the first detection of T. bryosalmonae in European whitefish in Norway for the first time, as well as the first published documentation of the parasite in kidneys of Arctic charr, brown trout and whitefish in four lakes. The observed prevalence of the parasite was higher in populations of brown trout than of Arctic charr and whitefish. The parasite was detected in farmed, but not in wild, charr in one lake. This suggests a possible link with a depth of fish habitat and fewer T. bryosalmonae-infected and PKD-affected fish. Towards a warmer climate, cold hypolimnion in deep lakes may act as a refuge for wild salmonids, while cold deep water may be used to control PKD in farmed salmonids.     

多重实时RT-PCR快速检测新型甲型H1N1流感病毒

从GenBank中获取新型甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009年流行株)HA和NA基因序列,通过多重序列比对之后,设计合成H1和N1基因特异性的引物和探针,用来建立新的甲型H1N1亚型流感病毒的多重实时RT-PCR检测方法.合成的两条荧光探针分别标记FAM和CY5荧光报告基团,荧光淬灭均使用BHQ基团.多重实时RT-PCR实验在ABl7500实时PCR仪上进行,经过40个循环的扩增之后,阳性对照出现标准的S型曲线,并且具有良好的特异性,可以很好地将新的甲型H1N1与传统的甲型H1N1以及H3N2、H5N1、H6N2和H9N2等流感病毒区分.多重实时RT-PCR可以检测到10个拷贝的模板,灵敏度接近检测方法的极限.检测时间短,从加样到反应结束只需要90 min.在对243例发热病人临床样品检测过程中发现7例阳性,1351份猪临床样品检测中未发现阳性,该检测结果和采用中国检验检疫科学研究院研制的试剂盒获得的检测结果一致.本研究所建立的快速、准确和高敏感性的多重实时RT-PCR方法非常适用于新型甲型H1N1流感病毒的实验室筛查.     

A multivariable prognostic model for equine colic patients

A survey of 1965 equine colic cases was conducted from August 1985 to July 1986 ten equine referral hospitals located througout the U.S.A. Two-thirds of the cases were randomly selected for model development (1336), while the remaining cases (629) were used only for subsequent validation of the model. The following outcomes were defined: (1) died or killed prior to discharge from the hospital; or (2) alive at the time of discharge. Only variables which were significant (P<0.05) in an initial bivariate screening procedure and for which there were less than 400 missing values were considered in the multivariable modelling. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed using a stepwise algorithm. The model used 666 cases and included the following variables: peripheral pulse (normal or weak), pulse rate, surgical or medical treatment, packed cell volume, self-inflicted trauma (absent or present) and capillary refill time. For each horse in the validation data set which had the appropriate variables recorded (n=335), the estimated expected probability of death (expected value) was calculated using the logistic regression equation. Using Bayes theorem, the post-test probability was calculated from the expected value (an estimate of the test odds) and the present probability (the case-fatality rate at each institution). Nomograms of predictive values for different case-fatality rates and expected values were constructed. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the model fitted the model data set well but the validation set poorly. However, when the observed case-fatality rates were compared with the average post-test probabilities for 0.10 increments of post-test probability, qualitatively, the model's performance was better.     

水稻烯效唑试验效果

"多效唑"是北流市应用农作物化控技术仅次于"九二○"(赤霉素)的植物生长调节剂,其应用面积已具有相当规模.在水稻上使用,可提高秧苗素质,有效地控制株高和调整产量构成因素获得增产,但美中不足的是使用后在土壤中残留量较大.而江苏张家港市七洲农药化工有限公司生产的烯效唑,因具有高效、稳定、广谱、低残留等特点,兼具良好的杀菌作用,是替代多效唑的理想产品.根据自治区粮食自给工程项目办推荐和提供供试材料,我们于2000年分别在民乐、山围两个镇布点进行小区试验和大田验证示范.     

鹅消化道正常菌群定植规律的研究

为了探讨鹅日龄和消化道部位对正常均群定植规律的影响，以吉林白鹅为实验动物，试验期间饲喂以玉米秸秆为主要纤维源的日粮。采用稀释滴种法对0～56日龄鹅及成鹅消化道6个部位（腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠）靠近黏膜的内容物及黏膜的8种细菌（双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、真杆菌、消化球菌、类杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌）进行分离、培养、鉴定、计数，从而获得主要正常菌群在消化道中的定植过程。     

(木亡)果新品种''桂热(木亡)120号''

经过无性系后代遗传性测定、区试及示范,(木亡)果新品种'桂热(木亡)120号'表现优质,丰产稳产,果实美观,肉质细滑,味清甜,可食率高,树冠较矮化,易于控冠.     

家蚕品种遗传分化的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

对广东现行家蚕生产品种9·芙×7·湘杂交亲本的基因组进行随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析。统计了932、7532、芙蓉、湘晖、9·芙、7·湘品种的蚕卵70个随机引物的RAPD扩增标记数,经计算其遗传相似系数,作遗传距离分析,同一系统内的品种间遗传差异小,系统间的品种遗传差异大,与传统的家蚕系统分类的结果完全相符。因此RAPD作为有效的跗标记。可适用于研究家蚕品种的遗传多样性、起源以及系统的演变分化。