大连地区苗圃外来恶性杂草的防治措施

介绍大连地区2种主要外来入侵杂草发生情况、植物学特征及防治措施,为林业安全生产提供基础性参考意见。     

魔芋再制奶酪的研制

以天然切达奶酪和魔芋粉为主要原料,研究了魔芋再制奶酪的生产工艺,采用L9(34)正交试验法,分析了不同切达奶酪添加比例、魔芋粉的添加量、乳化盐添加量和乳化时间对魔芋再制奶酪色泽、滋气味和组织状态的影响,确定了生产魔芋再制奶酪的最佳工艺条件为:不同切达奶酪(3个月成熟∶9个月成熟)添加比例1∶3,质量分数6%的魔芋粉,质量分数2%的乳化盐,乳化时间6 min。由此制得的魔芋再制干酪,不仅可以保持传统再制干酪的组织状态,并且具有魔芋的滋气味。     

The use of T‐DNA tagging to isolate mutants of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum with reduced virulence against Hevea brasiliensis

Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation (ATMT) is being increasingly recognized as an effective insertional mutagenesis tool in studies of filamentous fungi for gene discovery and functional analysis. We developed and optimized ATMT for 2 Colletotrichum species, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, the causative agents of Colletotrichum leaf disease in rubber trees in Southern China. A. tumefaciens strain AGL‐1 carrying an ILV1 gene and a green fluorescent protein gene were used to transform the conidia of these 2 Colletotrichum species. The transformation efficiency was correlated with the co‐cultivation duration and bacterial cell concentrations, which reached 300–400 transformants per 1 × 10⁶ conidia after optimization. Southern blot analysis indicated that about 60.0% of the C. gloeosporioides transformants and 46.2% of the C. acutatum transformants had a single copy of T‐DNA in their genomes. Fungal genomic DNA segments flanking the T‐DNA were identified in the transformants through thermal asymmetrical interlaced polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. The flanking sequences from 4 C. acutatum and 7 C. gloeosporioides transformants showed moderate or weak homology to the NCBI database entries. Some sequences matching those reported virulence‐related genes. The results suggest that the T‐DNA inserted mutants banks constructed are useful for the discovery of new or important genes and to elucidate their function in the 2 Colletotrichum species.     

近50年兰州城市空间扩展模拟及其未来预测

利用高分辨率航片、Landsat TM影像和土地利用现状图,建立兰州市1949-2005年城市扩展G IS空间数据库,应用改进的SLEUTH模型,重建兰州市1949-2005年城市空间扩展过程,并情景模拟未来扩展趋势。采用两种不同历史年份跨度情景、校准SLEUTH模型。研究表明:该模型客观地重建了兰州市1949-2005年城市动态扩展过程;两种不同情景预测仍将继续沿河谷扩散发展,在城市增长方式与空间分布上既相似又有显著差异:情景1预测城市扩展趋势快于情景2预测,更接近于现实城市扩展趋势;情景2预测对城市扩展控制较严格,更趋向于可持续发展。建议近期内加强兰州建成区内部土地利用空间结构优化与空间置换,进而加快城市职能的空间置换,同时为未来发展预留一定的土地储备和发展空间。     

Positive effects of dietary supplementation of three probiotics on milk yield,milk composition and intestinal flora in Sannan dairy goats varied in kind of probiotics

In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion of B. subtilis and E. faecalis in the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non-fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination. Bacteroidales, Escherichia–Shigella and Christensenellaceae abundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics but Succinivibrionaceae increased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology.     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液含量测定的取样方法研究

通过比较研究,采用体积取样法和重量取样法测定磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液含量,结果显示,在20%、30%高含量磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠注射液含量测定中,两种取样方法存在显著差异,《中国兽药典》2005年版体积取样法存在较大误差,建议在这两种高含量药品的含量测定中采用称重法取样较为准确可靠。     

呼伦贝尔岭东南旱作丘陵区气候资源潜力分析

对呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗三道沟镇商品粮生产基地主要粮食作物的光合、光温、气候、气候-土壤资源潜力进行分析,结果表明热量条件是限制该地区粮食增产的主要非可控因素,如能改善热量条件,还有20%～30%的增产潜力;该地区的降水条件对玉米、大豆、马铃薯、水稻四种主要粮食作物的满足程度在80%左右,表明降水量及其季节分布是该镇粮食产量低的制约因素之一,存在的问题是水分利用率较低;土壤养分状况对马铃薯和水稻增产未表现明显的限制作用,而对玉米和大豆增产却是最主要限制因素。     

北京市区县级农药市场存在问题与对策

保证农药市场秩序是确保农产品质量安全的一项重要措施。本文分析了区(县)级农药市场存在的主要问题,提出加强宣传与培训、建立健全相关制度、积极开展"农药标签"专项治理工作、搞好农药连锁配送等9项解决对策。     

化隆县基层畜牧兽医队伍建设调查报告

畜牧兽医队伍肩负着畜牧技术推广和动物防检疫工作,对拓宽农民致富渠道、改善人民生活、维护农民切身利益等方面都起着积极的作用。在重大动物疫病防控工作中更是发挥了积极的职能作用。所以推进基层畜牧兽医人才队伍建设力度,优化基层人才队伍结构、提高基层人才队伍素质,对畜牧产业的健康发展尤为重要。     

在前临床期检测金仓鼠羊痒病淋巴结中病理型朊蛋白PrP（Sc）

12只雌性5周龄金仓鼠腹腔注射50μL羊痒病（SCRAPIE）263K株10%的脑组织匀浆。在临床前期,感染后第2、4、6、8、10、12周和临床末期第20周,金仓鼠被分别处死,取大脑、淋巴组织、脾脏、肾脏、肝脏、心脏和肌肉等组织,进行蛋白质免疫印迹杂交实验检测朊病毒病理型朊蛋白PrPSc。研究结果显示在临床前期,通过改进后的纯化技术,我们能够检测出淋巴组织和脾脏组织中的PrPSc,但是在肾脏、肝脏、心脏和肌肉等组织中仍然没有检测到PrPSc。