Immunohistology of the splenic compartments of the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The cellular composition of the different splenic compartments is well characterized in several species, but the spleen of the camel has not been studied due to the lack of specific antibodies detecting its leukocyte subsets. Therefore, 5microm frozen sections from 15 camel spleens (0.5-15 years) were studied for acid and alkaline phosphatases and for cross-reaction with antibodies specific for bovine (n=181), swine (n=14) and human (n=6) leukocyte determinants. Fifteen antibodies cross-reacted with camel spleen cells. These included 13 anti-bovine, two anti-human, but no anti-swine antibodies. The lymph follicles mainly consisted of B cells. The germinal centers showed a strong alkaline phosphatase activity. The periarterial lymphatic sheath harbored T lymphocytes. The marginal zone contained gammadelta T cells, CD45R0+, MHC class II DR+, CD44+, IL-A 24+ cells and few macrophages. The red pulp contained B, T, MHC class II DR+, IL-A24+ and gammadelta T cells and few macrophages. The periarterial macrophage sheaths contained many more macrophages than the marginal zone, so they may play a central role in the phagocytosis of the blood born particles. The alkaline phosphatase probably labeled activated B cells, but in contrast to other species no positive cells were found in the marginal zone. In general, lymphocyte compartmentalization in the camel spleen is similar to that in other species except for lower numbers of macrophages and the absence of alkaline phosphatase positive cells in the marginal zone. No age related differences were observed in the splenic compartments.     

两种干制方法对椒干商品量和质量的影响

皱皮线椒是贵州都匀市黔南州种植历史最久、面积最大、产量最高、干制椒出口量最多的地方品种,为贵州省小辣椒、平板线椒和皱皮线椒三大类产品的代表品种之一,不仅销往国内各大中城市,也是贵州出口东盟的主要农产品之一.     

引起半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)鱼苗大规模死亡的神经坏死病毒病

2012和2013年,山东某育苗场15–20日龄的半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)鱼苗出现暴发性大规模死亡,7 d内死亡率高达90%–100%。本研究调查了疾病的发生情况和临床特征,采集病鱼样品进行了组织病理学检查,并运用RT-PCR方法进行了病原的检测和基因序列分析。结果发现,半滑舌鳎鱼苗一般在7月和8月发病,发病时养殖水温为22–24℃。病鱼游泳行为异常,表现为上下翻游、螺旋性游动、全身大幅度波浪状浮动症状,但病鱼体表无出血和溃疡症状。组织病理检查发现,病鱼脑和视网膜组织出现严重的空泡化及坏死。病鱼样品的RT-PCR检测结果全部呈鱼类神经坏死病毒阳性。对得到的RT-PCR产物测序,进行BLAST比对,发现该病毒与鱼类神经坏死病毒的赤点石斑鱼神经坏死病毒(Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, RGNNV)基因型的相似性达98%以上,而与鱼类神经坏死病毒的其他3个基因型：黄带拟鲹神经坏死病毒(Striped jack nervous necrosis virus,SJNNV)、红鳍东方鲀神经坏死病毒(Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus, TPNNV)和条斑星鲽神经坏死病毒(Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus,BFNNV)的相似性仅为71%–78%。由此可以判定,本研究发现的引起半滑舌鳎鱼苗大规模死亡的神经坏死病毒为RGNNV基因型,半滑舌鳎也是鱼类神经坏死病毒的天然宿主。该发现在半滑舌鳎疾病防治和鱼类神经坏死病毒的流行机制研究方面都具有重要意义。     

同步检测7种鱼类病毒的扩增子拯救多重PCR(Arm-PCR)方法的建立和应用

淋巴囊肿病毒(LCDV)、肿大细胞病毒属虹彩病毒(Mega)、赤点石斑鱼神经坏死病毒(RGNNV)、传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)、传染性胰脏坏死病毒(IPNV)、病毒性出血败血症病毒(VHSV)和传染性鲑鱼贫血症病毒(ISAV)是养殖鱼类主要的病毒性病原,危害巨大。为实现这7种病原的高通量、同步检测,本研究在分析这7种病毒基因序列的基础上,设计了9组扩增子拯救多重PCR(Arm-PCR)引物,并对扩增体系中的Taq酶、Mg2+、dNTP、Primer Mix浓度及退火温度等参数进行调整和优化,结合基因芯片检测技术,建立了同步检测7种鱼类病毒的Arm-PCR方法。优化后的Arm-PCR方法第一步PCR体系为：Taq酶(2.5 U/μl)1.0μl,10×PCR Buffer(含20 mmol/L的Mg2+)5μl,dNTP(各2.5 mmol/L)5μl,10×Primer Mix(各2μmol/L)9μl,模板1μl,ddH2O补足至50μl,退火温度为56℃。研究结果显示,该方法可以在1支反应管内对上述7种病毒的9个致病基因同步进行扩增和检测,检测灵敏度分别为101 copies/μl (RGNNV、VHSV、ISAV-NS、ISAV-MA)、102 copies/μl (LCDV、Mega、IHNV、IPNV)和103 copies/μl (大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒,TRBIV)。该方法特异性强,与半滑舌鳎、石斑鱼、大菱鲆和牙鲆基因组DNA不产生交叉反应。本研究建立的可同步检测7种鱼类病毒的Arm-PCR方法具有高通量、高灵敏度、高准确性的优势,能有效提高工作效率,在鱼类病毒的筛查和流行病学调查领域有广泛的应用前景。     

基于粮温时空相关性的储粮数量监管方法研究

针对我国储备粮人工稽核费时、费工等问题,提出了基于粮温时空相关性的储粮数量监管方法。首先,分析粮堆测温平面的自相关性与互相关性,检测粮堆异常发生的日期与平面;然后,分析粮堆异常日期内异常平面上测温线的自相关性,检测发生异常的测温线;接着分析异常测温线上测温点的自相关性,检测并统计异常点的个数;最后,根据异常点个数判定异常种类,进而实现储粮数量监管。在3个储粮区(低温区、中温区、高温区)中分别选取粮仓粮温进行相关性分析,根据分析结果设定测温平面自相关系数阈值为0. 8,互相关系数变化率阈值区间为[-0. 15 d~(-1),0. 15 d~(-1)];测温线的自相关系数阈值为0. 8;测温点的自相关系数阈值为0. 8;同时分析结果显示,短周期内测温线与点的互相关性无法作为异常判定依据。进行了储量监管试验,试验结果表明,基于粮温时空相关性的储粮数量监管方法不仅能够实现储粮数量监管,同时能够检测出粮堆发热等异常变化。     

Rainwater harvesting for the management of agricultural droughts in arid and semi-arid regions

Human activities, which affect ecosystem dynamics, pose a continuous challenge to individuals and communities trying to survive in arid and semi-arid regions. The development of a method to employ rainwater harvesting (RWH) in the management of agricultural drought in arid and semi-arid regions comprised two phases: (i) detection of agricultural drought in Egypt’s El-Beheira governorate using a normalized difference vegetation index differencing technique and (ii) the delineation of RWH locations potentially suitable for the management of agricultural drought in the region using a GIS decision support system (DSS). Temporal vegetation cover analysis showed significant spatio-temporal changes that have occurred in the last 40 years: a general decrease in vegetation cover reflecting a trend towards ecosystem degradation, contrasted by a greening trend in some pockets within the region. Potentially suitable rainwater harvesting areas for agricultural drought management and attendant vegetation recovery were delineated in the region using DSS. The model generated a RWH map with five categories of suitability: excellent, good, moderate, poor and unsuitable. On average, 10.9 % (1104.17 km²) and 12 % (1215 km²) of the study area was classified as excellent and good for RWH, respectively, while 11.7 % (1185.21 km²), 15.4 % (1560 km²) and 50 % (5065 km²) of the area were classified as moderate, unsuitable and poor, respectively. Most of the areas with excellent to good suitability predominantly lie in areas which faced severe drought between 2010 and 2014. To successfully implement the drought management plan, a number of RWH sites within the excellent areas must be developed.     

基于温度场云图的储粮数量监控方法研究

为保障储备粮按照计划进出仓库,同时减少储粮监管与稽核的工作量,该文提出了基于温度场云图RGB颜色特征的储粮监管方法。调用历史粮温数据并进行预处理,生成粮堆各平面温度场云图,利用温度场云图的RGB颜色特征分布计算云图的相似度,据此设定异常判定阈值,计算相邻时间粮堆各平面云图的相似度,依据阈值进行异常检测,从而实现储粮监管。同时该文通过模拟5种粮堆异常情况,进行了模拟检测试验,并与基于温度场云图LBP纹理特征的检测算法进行对比,结果显示:基于温度场云图RGB颜色特征的算法平均查全率、平均查准率、运算速率均优于基于云图LBP纹理特征的算法,分别为98.6%、97.3%、320 ms/次。进行了储粮监管检测试验,结果表明,该方法不仅能够应用于储粮数量的监管,也能够检测出粮堆局部发热。该研究结果为储粮数量监控方法的提出奠定基础。     

Megakaryocytes and platelets in the spleen of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

This study was carried out on spleens of clinically healthy camels (n = 35) of both sexes (0.5-15 years) by routine histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using 12 anti-bovine platelet antibodies. Megakaryocytes were observed in the red pulp. Their number decreased with age: they were found in the spleens of all camels under 8 years old but only in 57% of camels over 8 years old. Only two antibodies (IVA37 and IVA38) cross-reacted with camel platelets. A large number of platelets were found in the splenic cords and the marginal zone. Ultrastructurally, the platelets were oval in shape surrounded by a plasma membrane, and their cytoplasm was rich in glycogen and contained less dense granules. Microtubules and microfilaments were found at their periphery. Several platelets were observed in the red pulp. There are similarities in some surface antigens of bovine and camel platelets. The presence of megakaryocytes in the camel spleen indicates a thrombopoietic function of the spleen until adulthood but that this decreases with age thereafter.