氩弧熔覆原位合成Ni基耐磨层在犁铧上的应用

利用氩弧熔覆技术,在廉价的碳钢表面原位合成了TiC/Ni基复合材料涂层。结果表明,熔覆层成形良好,与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;熔覆层的组织为γ-Ni奥氏体枝晶、CrB、TiB₂、M₂₃C₆及原位合成的弥散分布于熔覆层中的球状TiC陶瓷颗粒。熔覆层显微硬度高达HV_0.21000,且呈梯度分布。磨损试验表明,熔覆层具有较好的耐磨性。模拟田间试验表明,熔覆层可用于农机耐磨件的制造与再制造并具有较好的经济效益。     

不同成胚能力的百子莲愈伤组织中氧化还原水平的差异分析

生长素类物质毒莠定(picloram,PIC)对宿根花卉东方百子莲(Agapanthus praecox ssp.orientalis)愈伤组织诱导及胚状体的形成至关重要,不同浓度PIC处理对百子莲愈伤组织(Callus)的成胚能力具有不同效应。本研究以在含1.0、1.5和2.0 mg/L PIC的MS培养基上继代的胚性愈伤组织(embryogenic callus,EC)为材料,以愈伤组织为对照,通过检测活性氧(reastive oxygen species,ROS)关键组分含量和3种抗氧化酶活性,明确不同浓度PIC处理下细胞内氧化还原动态变化对成胚能力的影响。结果显示：1.5 mg/L PIC处理的EC细胞状态较佳且成胚能力最强,1.0和2.0 mg/L PIC处理的EC具有成胚能力,但成胚率较低。EC中O₂·^-含量较高,均高于愈伤组织;1.5 mg/L PIC处理的EC中H₂O₂含量最高(为148.53μmol/g)是愈伤组织的38.50倍;愈伤组织中OH·含量极显著高于EC,为1.5 mg/...     

2016—2020年安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征定点监测

为了解安徽省高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(HP-PRRS)免疫状况及流行趋势,2016—2020年采用间接ELISA和荧光RT-PCR方法,在代表安徽省不同区域的3个定点监测县,随机采集21个规模化猪场的1190份猪血清和1189份猪扁桃体样品,分别进行血清抗体检测和病毒核酸检测,并统计分析时间、区间、群间变化规律.结果...     

基于年橘为载体的柑橘木虱优势寄生蜂亮腹釉小蜂规模化生产技术

黄龙病是柑橘生产中最具毁灭性的病害,柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama)是黄龙病的传播媒介,亮腹釉小蜂Tamarixiaradiata(Waterston)是柑橘木虱的优势寄生蜂,在防治柑橘木虱上具有巨大潜力。本文研究了年橘Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Nianju为载体的亮腹釉小蜂生产的关键技术,建立了年橘-柑橘木虱-寄生蜂的生产体系,实现了规模化生产。明确了年橘新芽繁育的标准化修剪方法,以整体修剪法为最佳,产芽时间为12.6 d,产芽数量为39.6个/株;明确了柑橘木虱若虫繁育中柑橘木虱成虫接种数量,以柑橘木虱:新芽为2:1为最佳;明确了亮腹釉小蜂生产中亮腹釉小蜂接种数量,以亮腹釉小蜂:柑橘木虱为1:10为最佳。按本文生产方法,每笼（5株年橘）可收获亮腹釉小蜂646.67头。     

耐冷菌的适冷分子机制及在污水处理中的应用

指出了低温是影响冬季寒冷地区生活污水处理效果的一个主要原因,在低温环境下,活性污泥中大多数中温菌的生长活性受到抑制,只有少数的耐冷菌可以存活下来并保持一定的活性。简要介绍了低温微生物的概念及分类,从细胞膜结构、低温酶、蛋白质合成以及冷休克蛋白等方面对耐冷菌的适冷机制进行分析,最后对耐冷菌在污水处理中的应用现状与发展方向进行了展望。     

花/蕾低温保存对花椰菜花粉活力及授粉效果的影响

本研究将通过低温(3 ℃～5 °C)干燥处理花椰菜完全开放的花和不同大小的蕾,利用花粉活力测定、花粉萌发观察和杂交结籽率检测等手段分析了低温保存对其花粉活力及授粉效果的影响.研究结果表明,当天开放花的花粉活力和萌发率最高,分别达到91.3％和45.6％,授粉效果也最好,每角果平均可收获11.3粒种子.3 °～5 ℃干燥...     

不同环境条件对溶藻弧菌粘附大黄鱼肠粘液的影响

研究了不同环境条件下溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼肠粘液的粘附作用。采用细菌计数法测定溶藻弧菌的粘附作用。粘附的细菌经SYBR GreenⅠ染色后在荧光显微镜下观察,用数码相机拍照后在电脑上计数。试验结果表明,溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼肠粘液的粘附量随菌浓度的升高而升高,并在1—1．5h内趋于饱和;粘附作用在15—30℃、pH偏酸时较强;盐度在5—35范围内对前肠粘液的粘附作用影响不明显,后肠粘液的粘附作用在此范围内随盐度增大而加强,在盐度为0时,溶藻弧菌对前、后肠粘液都无粘附作用;56℃热处理5min及60℃处理1h均能大幅减弱溶藻弧菌对两种肠粘液的粘附作用,表明溶藻弧菌表面的某些热敏结构在粘附作用中起着重要作用。根据以上结果,可以认为溶藻弧菌能够很好地粘附于大黄鱼肠粘液层,其粘附作用受温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子影响很大,溶藻弧菌表面的某些热敏结构可能在粘附过程中起着重要作用。研究结果表明,溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼肠粘液的粘附作用是可控制的,这对于鱼类养殖疾病的控制有一定的参考价值。     

细根性状对土壤养分有效性的直接影响与机制——以亚热带杉阔混交林为例

细根性状对土壤养分有效性的影响由微生物介导或由细根与土壤的直接互作而发生,然而前者受到了大量关注,后者却鲜有报道。本研究以亚热带杉阔混交林中6个混交树种（资源获取和资源保守型各3种）为研究对象,采用原位网袋试验,研究了细根对土壤氮、磷有效性的直接、间接和总体效应,及其与细根性状与的关系。结果显示,在两种资源利用策略下,细根与土壤直接接触均能提高土壤氮和磷的有效性;获取型树种对土壤磷的影响更为显著,表现为更强的直接、间接和总体效应,而保守型树种对土壤氮的间接效应更强。细根碳氮比是调控其对土壤氮、磷有效性影响的首要因素。资源利用策略对氮有效性的直接影响差异主要取决于对养分摄取的强弱,间接影响则由有机氮矿化主导。低碳氮比的细根提高了磷有效性,该影响通过产生更多的磷酸酶直接产生,或通过降低土壤pH而间接实现。本研究丰富了细根性状对土壤养分有效性的调控机制,并为杉阔混交林伴生树种选择提供了理论支撑。     

Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. Eighteen ewes pregnant were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6). At 140 days, the fetal blood, allantoic fluid and kidney tissue were collected to determinate fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the fetal weight, kidney weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in RG1 group were decreased compared with the CG (P < 0.05), but the contents of β2-Microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C (Cys-C), filtered sodium excretion fraction (FENa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl radical (OH) in RG1 group were increased (P < 0.05). The impaired ovine fetal renal growth, antioxidant imbalance and dysfunction of glomerulus ultrafiltration, and the renal tubules reabsorption were induced by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy.