青贮饲料的特性

青贮可以通过适宜的发酵,使作物的营养成分损失最小,并能满足家畜冬春季节及全年对饲料及营养物质的需求.青贮饲料与调制干草相比具有很多独特优势,对其独特的发酵特性进行了简单的分析和概述.     

Effectiveness of controlled internal drug release device treatment to alleviate reproductive seasonality in anestrus lactating or dry Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hormonal treatments on ovarian activity and reproductive performance in Barki and Rahmani ewes during non‐breeding season. Forty‐eight multiparous ewes, 24 Barki and 24 Rahmani ewes were divided into two groups, 12 lactating and 12 dry ewes for each breed. Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device was inserted in all ewes for 14 days in conjunction with intramuscular 500 IU equine chronic gonadotrophin (eCG) at day of CIDR removal. Data were analysed using PROC MIXED of SAS for repeated measures. Breed, physiological status and days were used as fixed effects and individual ewes as random effects. Barki ewes recorded higher (p < .05) total number of follicles, number of large follicles, serum estradiol concentration and estradiol: progesterone (E₂:P₄) ratio compared to Rahmani ewes. Lactating ewes recorded higher (p < .05) number of small follicles and lower concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to dry ewes. Number and diameter of large follicles recorded the highest (p < .05) values accompanied with disappearance of corpora lutea at day of mating. Serum progesterone concentration recorded lower (p < .05) value at day of mating and the highest (p < .05) value at day 35 after mating. CIDR‐eCG protocol induced 100% oestrous behaviour in both breeds, but Rahmani ewes recorded longer (p < .05) oestrous duration compared to Barki. Conception failure was higher (p < .05) in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes. In conclusion, CIDR‐eCG protocol was more potent in improving ovarian activity in Barki compared to Rahmani ewes, but this protocol seems to induce hormonal imbalance in Barki ewes that resulted in increasing conception failure compared to Rahmani ewes.     

含氮、磷、钾吸水保水剂的合成与性能研究

采用自由基聚合法,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,磷酸酯淀粉与丙烯酸钠和丙烯酸钾进行接枝共聚,合成了含磷、钾的高吸水树脂;磷酸酯淀粉与低中和度的丙烯酸接枝共聚合成的高吸水树脂用氨水浸泡,自然凉干得到含氮、磷、钾的高吸水树脂,详细考察了丙烯酸的中和度对吸水保水剂吸液性能的影响。通过实验得到了合成该吸水保水剂的适宜条件。     

基于改进生态足迹模型的西北地区生态可持续性评价

西北地区的生态可持续状况对于稳定生态环境,改善人地关系具有重要的现实意义。传统生态足迹模型(EFM)中存在诸多不足和缺陷,文中对原有模型进行了改进并对西北地区2012年生态可持续性进行了计算和评价。结果表明:1)西北地区人均生态足迹为2.90hm2/人,人均生态承载力为2.18hm2/人,人均生态赤字为0.72hm2/人,整体的生态结构不合理,处于不可持续状态;2)西北地区各省区的生态足迹差异明显,除青海和新疆为生态盈余外,其它省区均为生态赤字,其中陕西最大,甘肃最小;3)西北地区生态适度人口为0.74×108人,实际人口与生态适度人口的比例是1:0.75,人口数量整体处于超载状态;生态利用效率为0.65万元/hm2。改进生态足迹模型能够较好地评价生态可持续现状,研究方法和结果对于区域生态可持续发展研究具有一定的参考价值。     

阿拉善荒漠草地8种牧草营养物质季节动态及营养均衡价评价

探讨了阿拉善荒漠草地珍珠柴(Salsola passerina)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)、红砂(Reaumuria soon-gorica)、绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、沙鞭(Psammochloavillosa)和牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii)8种牧草营养物质含量的季节动态,并以粗蛋白质对其营养均衡价进行了比较。结果表明:8种牧草的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙含量和钙磷比随着牧草的生长期呈先增加后降低的趋势,粗蛋白质含量6月最高,为7.86%~19.18%,1月最低,为5.25%~9.24%;粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙含量及钙磷比分别为0.81%~9.63%,26.19%~52.58%,0.12%~1.93%和0.86%~16.00%。粗纤维含量随植物生长呈降低趋势,且8种牧草的含量差异性较大,范围为9.56%~43.01%;粗灰分含量随生长期没有明显的季节动态规律;磷含量随牧草的生长而降低,范围0.04%~0.20%。牧草营养均衡价的评价表明:8种牧草营养均衡价(NB)依次为:梭梭绵刺珍珠柴霸王红砂盐爪爪牛心朴子沙鞭。     

Frequency of pancreatic amyloid deposition in cats from south-eastern Queensland

Summary Stereological procedures were used to estimate the amount of amyloid deposition in the pancreatic islets of 83 cats from random sources in south-eastern Queensland. Most had only minor deposits of less than 20% of islet volume (median 9%), but deposits equal to more than 50% of the islet volume were found in 10% of the cats. Amyloid deposition in pancreatic islets was correlated with the age of the cat. Although similar observations have been made previously in cats from the USA, the frequency of amyloid deposition was higher in this population of cats from south-eastern Queensland.     

两种吡虫啉种衣剂在棉花和土壤中的残留动态研究

采用田间试验方法，研究了两种吡虫啉种衣剂在棉花和土壤中的残留消解动态，并对其在棉花上使用的安全性作出了评价。结果表明，两种吡虫啉种衣剂无论在棉株中或土壤中消解动态没有显著差异，其消解速度相当缓慢，有较长的药效。试验还表明，无论是推荐药量还是加倍药量．在正常使用条件下，都不会造成棉子残毒污染和土壤的残留积累。     

基于质量分级的马铃薯贮藏温度特性的试验与研究

贮藏室内适宜的贮藏温度是进行科学贮藏和决定贮藏质量的重要条件.为研究相同贮藏条件下不同质量马铃薯堆内部温度的差异,以内蒙古半地下式马铃薯贮藏室为试验场地,将食用型"冀张226"马铃薯按单薯质量进行分级,以筐装方式进行堆码,同时用传感器采集贮藏过程中的温度数据,然后对数据进行分析、对比.结果表明:整个贮藏过程中,分级后的所有马铃薯堆的内部温度整体变化规律基本一致,均为先降低后升高,但单薯质量小的马铃薯堆内部温度的稳定性要优于单薯质量大的马铃薯堆.温度下降阶段,马铃薯堆的内部温度与马铃薯单薯质量大小呈负相关;温度上升阶段,马铃薯堆内部温度上升率与马铃薯单薯质量呈正相关;不同马铃薯堆在贮藏过程中的最低温度与马铃薯单薯质量呈负相关;分级后的马铃薯堆内部温度的稳定性要优于未分级的马铃薯堆.     

新疆天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区划研究

运用层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判方法,根据石河子、昌吉、吐鲁番等8个地区的无霜期、温度、积温和降水因素,建立了数学模型,并对新疆天然甜型葡萄酒原料种植区域进行了区划研究.结果表明:吐鲁番的综合评价最高,其次为和田,评价值分别为0.97和0.91,属非常适宜种植区;哈密和喀什的评价值分别为0.81和0.87,属适宜种植区;库尔勒的为0.71,属次适宜种植区,而石河子、昌吉和霍城的评价值均小于0.59,属不适宜种植区.