华北落叶松人工林间伐后9 ~ 10年林下天然更新研究

  目的  为进一步完备华北落叶松天然更新障碍的研究体系,本研究从幼苗更新特征方面,揭示或反映华北落叶松林天然更新影响因素。  方法  于2019—2020年,对不同强度间伐作业（于2010年6月完成）的27年、31年和47年共3个林龄的华北落叶松人工纯林林下幼苗群体展开调查研究。  结果  （1） 塞罕坝地区华北落叶松林在经过35%极重度间伐、30%重度间伐、20%中度间伐和15%轻度间伐作业以及自然稀疏后的9 ~ 10年里,林下均存在着不同程度的天然更新,更新苗层次均为幼苗,无落叶松幼树存在。幼苗以1年生幼苗为主,多年生幼苗的年龄多为2年。在幼苗更新频率的表现上,更新能力与林龄间呈反比,以27年华北落叶松林的表现最好,47年人工林的最差。（2） 幼苗苗龄分布中,1年生幼苗占比高,更高苗龄的幼苗占比极少,1年生和2年生幼苗的损失较大,在向多年生幼苗的过渡过程中存在更新断层。（3） 幼苗地径和苗高在不同时期以及林分间的差异均较小（P > 0.05）。经过一个生长季,幼苗地径明显减小（P < 0.05）,苗高则存在不显著增长（P > 0.05）。（4） 连续2年塞罕坝地区华北落叶松林天然更新等级的观测结果均为更新不良。林龄和林分密度对更新密度的影响较大（P < 0.05）,2年内均以31年落叶松林整体更新密度最大（P < 0.05）,更新密度则与林分密度间整体呈现正相关（P < 0.05）。相较于2019年,绝大部分样地内更新密度在2020年的表现均存在一定程度地下降（P > 0.05）。（5） 连续2年生长季内幼苗密度的动态变化在3个人工林中相对一致,7月底为萌发高峰期,幼苗损失主要发生在冬季。（6） 生长季成活率和越冬成活率在不同人工林间的差异较小（P > 0.05）。2019年27年落叶松林中生长季成活率要显著优于2020年的（P < 0.05）;越冬成活率则在各人工林中均显著低于生长季成活率（P < 0.05）。  结论  塞罕坝地区3个龄级的华北落叶松人工林,在经过4种强度间伐后的9 ~ 10年里,各人工林下存在不同程度的天然更新。林龄和林分密度主要通过影响林下幼苗的更新频率和更新密度影响到天然更新;而对于林下幼苗的年龄分布、生长状况、更新动态以及成活率等更新特征的影响则较小。即林龄和林分密度主要是通过影响幼苗数量来影响林下更新状态。相对而言,对结实能力更强的幼、中龄林,可通过间伐促进母树生长,提高林分整体的种子产量。并可能通过加大间伐强度和缩短轮伐期等方式,增加间伐对于林分的整体种苗品质、林下更新的环境因子和塞罕坝地区幼苗生长季期限等方面的正向影响。      

黑龙江省的西部松嫩平原6个杨树品种光合特征

通过盆栽试验,测定分析了6个杨树品种净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及叶片水分利用效率(WU,E)随光照强度从低到高梯度变化后的表现特征及差异,探讨分析了不同杨树品种光补偿点、光饱和点及光适应幅度.结果表明:随着光照强度由0～1800μmol·m-2·s-1的梯度变化,6个杨树品种叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率及叶片水分利用效率均随着光照强度递增而增大,各品种间呈现不同程度差异.其中,净光合速率均值由大到小依次为DN113杨(11.35μmol·m-2·s-1)、青山杨(10.93μmol·m-2·s-1)、银中杨(10.52μmol·m-2·s-1)、山新杨(8.71μmol·m-2·s-1)、中黑防杨(8.42μmol·m-2·s-1)、小黑杨(1.67μmol·m-2·s-1);蒸腾速率均值由大到小依次为青山杨(4.87 mmol·m-2·s-1)、中黑防杨(4.47 mmol·m-2·s-1)、DN113杨(4.22 mmol·m-2·s-1)、山新杨(4.10 mmol·m-2·s-1)、银中杨(4.01 mmol·m-2·s-1)、小黑杨(2.87 mmol·m-2·s-1);水分利用效率均值由大到小依次为DN113杨(2.46μmol·mmol-1)、银中杨(2.37μmol·mmol-1)、青山杨(2.04μmol·mmol-1)、山新杨(1.94μmol·mmol-1)、中黑防杨(1.70μmol·mmol-1)、小黑杨(0.27μmol·mmol-1).6个杨树品种中,DN113杨、青山杨、银中杨光补偿点较低、光饱和点较高,对光照适应幅度较宽;山新杨、中黑防杨次之;小黑杨光补偿点相对最高(210.8μmol·m-2·s-1),光饱和点(1516.7μmol·m-2·s-1)相对最低,对光照的适应幅度相对最窄.     

蓝莓"绿宝石"组织培养和快速繁殖技术研究

以成苗2年生老枝条茎段、成苗当年生嫩枝条茎段和大棚内幼苗顶端茎段为外植体,研究了南高丛蓝莓栽培品种"绿宝石"的组织培养和快速繁殖技术,结果表明:蓝莓"绿宝石"组织培养以大棚内幼苗顶端茎段为最佳外植体;在增殖培养过程中,较低浓度的玉米素ZT有利于"绿宝石"的增殖;在一定温度范围内,高温有利于"绿宝石"的快速增殖;"绿宝石"在试管内需要很长时间才能生根,在筛选出的较佳生根培养基1/2 WPM+0.5 mg/L IBA中的生根率仅为75.3％;苔藓和草炭土均是"绿宝石"瓶外生根最好的扦插基质,苔藓作为扦插基质,苗生根后更方便运输.     

Effect of starving and feeding on some haematological and physiological responses of the Nile catfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias gariepinus</Emphasis> exposed to copper at extreme seasons

The lethal concentration for 50% of fish for 96h (96h LC₅₀) of copper (Cu²⁺) was estimated for the Nile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in extreme seasons, winter and summer, 4.31 and 4.79 mg/l, respectively. The Nile catfish was exposed to 96h LC₅₀ of copper for 7 days in extreme winter and summer. The body indices, haematological parameters as well as some plasma and liver enzyme activities and metabolite level were significantly differed in fish exposed to copper over than those of the control fish. Most of the tested parameters were not significantly different between the control fish of winter and summer (winter, water temperature 18 ± 2°C and summer, 27 ± 2°C). The effect of two ration sizes on copper toxicity in two different seasons on C. gariepinus was justified. It was found that the haematological parameters and the tested plasma activities of enzymes were significantly valid due to season differences. The blood parameters as well as plasma activities of enzymes were significantly differed in fishes fed elevated ration (3%) and exposed to copper challenge. On the other hand, the exploit of low feeding ration (0.5%) along with copper exposure during the examined seasons induced non-significant differences of the tested parameters, from those of the corresponding control. Therefore, the low feeding ration provides some tolerance against the possible water-borne copper exposure.     

Determination of the quality parameters of pike perch <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sander lucioperca</Emphasis> caught by gillnet,longline and harpoon in Turkey

ABSTRACT:   The effects of the different catching methods (gillnet, longline, harpoon) on sensory, chemical (pH, total volatile base nitrogen, K -value) and microbiological (total viable count [TVC]) changes in pike perch Sander lucioperca stored in ice were investigated. The same soaking time was used for both gillnet and longline fishing. The catching method had considerable influence on the freshness quality of pike perch. The acceptable shelf life was 15 days for pike perch caught by gillnet, and 22 days for longline and harpoon. The initial concentrations of inosine monophosphate (2.4 μmol/g) in pike perch caught by gillnet were significantly lower ( P  < 0.05) than longline (4.1 μmol/g), and especially by harpoon (16.7 μmol/g). However, the initial K -values for fish caught by harpoon were significantly ( P  < 0.05) lower (24.36%) than fish caught by longline and gillnet (57.69%, 64.41%, respectively). The average K , Ki, G and H -values at rejection day in terms of sensory assessment were approximately 90, 98, 156 and 40%, respectively, for all catching methods during ice storage. However, TVC reached 7.0 log cfu/g after approximately 11 days of storage for fish caught by gillnet, 19 days for fish caught by longline and 8 days for fish caught by harpoon. The result of this study suggests that the best catching method for preserving the freshness of pike perch is longline, based on the data obtained from the sensory and microbiological analysis.     

Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Choerodon schoenleinii</Emphasis> determined by ultrasonic telemetry

ABSTRACT:   Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish were examined using ultrasonic telemetry. Five hatchery-reared and four wild fish were released in the sandy bottom of Urasoko Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and monitored using automated monitoring receivers from November 2005 to February 2006. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish tended to stay near the release site for over two weeks, before leaving the release site. Both hatchery-reared and wild tuskfish showed diurnal rhythm intermittently; signals were recorded more frequently in the daytime and less frequently in the nighttime, suggesting that the fish of both origins were active during the day and inactive during the night. These findings indicate that the one-year-old hatchery-reared tuskfish have some consistent behavioral characteristics with those of the wild.     

Quantitative analysis of pattern of gonial proliferation during sexual maturation in Japanese scallop <Emphasis Type="Italic">Patinopecten yessoensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was undertaken to describe and quantitatively analyze the pattern of development of gametes in the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis . Incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) into gonial cells was used to quantitatively detect mitotically active gonial cells. Oogonia increased in number from November to December and decreased rapidly to March. A small number of oocytes was detected in November. Oocytes steadily increased in number and size up to March. The number of spermatogonia slightly increased from November to December, and increased markedly from January to March. Both ratios of BrdU-immunopositive gonial cells in the ovary and testis to gonial cells moderately increased from September to December. The ratio of BrdU-immunopositive spermatogonia to gonial cells drastically increased from January to February and kept an elevated level in March, whereas the oogonia started to disappear in January. The results suggest that the pattern of proliferation of gonial cells can be divided into two phases: (i) phase I, oogonia and spermatogonia slowly proliferate through the growing stage; and (ii) phase II, oogonia develop into oocytes and spermatogonia begin to proliferate rapidly through the mature and spawning stages. The proliferation of gonial cells is likely under different endocrine controls in phases I and II.     

Apoptosis‐Like Events and In Vitro Fertilization Capacity of Sex‐Sorted Bovine Sperm

This study utilized three staining assays (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1) and TUNEL) for flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in sex‐sorted sperm from four different bulls (A, B, C and D). Correlations between sperm quality and IVF efficiency were then assessed to determine which assay provided the best prediction of IVF efficiency. The results of the Annexin V assays, as well as measures of viable sperm, early apoptosis, necrotic sperm and mitochondrial membrane potential (?ψm) showed that the sex‐sorted sperm collected from bull A significantly differed from those of the other three bulls (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of DNA fragmentation in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly lower than those from bulls B and C (p < 0.05). The percentage of cells reaching the cleavage and blastocyst stages in sex‐sorted sperm from bull A were significantly greater than those from the other bulls (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between viable sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation was found between early apoptotic sperm and the percentage of cells at the cleavage or blastocyst stages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that the Annexin V assay was the most reliable technique for the prediction of the IVF success of sex‐sorted bovine sperm.     

乳山湾东流区细菌数量的分布及与环境因子关系的研究

根据1995年6～9月对乳山湾东流区的微生物调查资料，研究了乳山湾东流区海水及底泥中细菌和弧菌量的变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，该海域海水中细菌和弧菌的数量变化与温度的变化相一致，6月中旬～8月中旬，细菌数量增长比较缓慢，8月中旬开始，细菌数量增长较快，到8月底，达到最高值，异养菌为5．71×106cell／mL，弧菌为2．1×104cell／mL。而后，随着温度的下降，水中的细菌量逐渐减少。滩涂底泥中，细菌和弧菌的数量均比海水中细菌高l～2个数量级。     

泵腔内部环流对射流式自吸泵自吸性能的影响

为了研究自吸泵内部气液两相流动情况,选取JETST-100型射流式自吸泵作为研究对象,运用CFX软件提供的欧拉—欧拉多相流模型,对导叶背面添加防止环流筋板后的泵腔内气液混合及气液分离情况进行了三维非定常数值模拟,得到了各过流部件压力和速度分布等内部流动信息,分析了射流器进口和泵腔出口处各监测点气相体积分数的变化情况,并将模拟结果与试验进行对比。结果表明:液体从导叶出流后,会形成一个较大的速度环量,导致气液分离不充分,大量液体进入出水管路,泵腔内液体减少;在导叶背面添加筋板后,射流器进口处气相体积分数减小,喷嘴出流的工作液体中夹杂的气相体积分数减小,泵腔出口气相体积分数增大,从而提高了自吸性能。