DNA直接导入法获得烟草新品系

为解决烟草栽培品种香气品质低下的问题,选用香料烟品种Ti245、高密度腺毛品种Ti1068、浓香型品系6251为供体,将三者总DNA混合后经花粉管通道导入烟草栽培品种K326;后代产生了广泛变异,经过连续3年的选育,获得了优良品系K809。与受体K326相比,K809田间农艺性状优良、叶片腺毛密度增加、香气物质含量大幅度提高,评吸结果表明香气品质得以改善;RAPD分子检测发现,K809含有来源于受体和供体的所有片段,一些片段仅与某供体特异同源,表明供体Ti245、Ti1068、6251的某些DNA片段在K809基因组中进行有效了整合,并且对烟叶的香气品质具有积极作用。     

影响青花菜游离小孢子培养胚胎发生的因子

以13个青花菜品种为材料进行游离小孢子培养,探讨影响青花菜小孢子胚胎发生的因子。结果表明:基因型是影响青花菜小孢子培养胚状体发生的关键因子,13种基因型中有8种基因型能诱导产生胚状体,诱导率为61.5%;处于单核晚期至双核期的小孢子是诱导小孢子胚状体发生的最佳时期;在1/2 NLN培养基中添加适量的活性炭、6-BA、AgNO3和2,4-D有利于胚胎发生。4℃预处理24 h和32.5℃热激24 h有利于小孢子产生胚状体。     

小麦根腐离蠕孢菌诱导小麦β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及其表达

为了明确小麦受小麦根腐离蠕孢侵染后β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达情况,采用RT-PCR方法在受小麦根腐离蠕孢菌侵染后的小麦叶片中扩增β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因,然后对侵染后的小麦叶片总RNA进行Northern斑点杂交。结果表明,克隆到了β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因,该基因在小麦被侵染12 h时开始表达,在48 h后未见表达。对照中未见表达。可推断出此β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因是被小麦根腐离蠕孢菌（Bipolaris sorokinianum）侵染后诱导表达的。     

晋草1号不同生育期营养价值及青贮前后变化的研究

随着生育期的推进,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著下降,而NDF、ADF和可溶性糖含量显著上升;青贮后NDF、ADF含量显著高于青贮前,可溶性糖含量显著低于青贮前（P〈0.01）,而蛋白质、灰分含量却有所不同,第一茬植株青贮后蛋白质、灰分含量均显著下降,第二茬植株青贮后蛋白质、灰分含量均显著上升。     

苦荞过敏原TBa和TBb基因的共表达及其包涵体复性的研究

[研究目的]利用大肠杆菌共表达苦荞过敏蛋白的两个亚基,并对表达产物进行包涵体复性研究和免疫学活性分析;[方法]用已构建的表达质pET-28a-TBa和pET-32m-TBb,共转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态,利用双抗生素筛选法,获得稳定遗传的双质粒转化子,经IPTG诱导,两个基因在同一宿主菌中共表达,在共表达产物复性过程中,两个亚基互为分子伴侣,相互促进了蛋白质的重新正确折叠;[结果]表迭蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,ELISA检测表明:复性后的蛋白免疫学活性得到了提高;[结论]由此获得了有活性的蛋白质,并且建立了不相容双质粒共表达外源基因和包涵体复性的方法.     

冀北山地杨桦次生林不同林层的空间结构特征

利用混交度、角尺度、大小比数和开阔比数4个空间结构参数,结合空间结构单元距离尺度,研究了冀北山地杨桦次生林更新层和乔木层（低林层、中林层和上林层）的空间结构特征。结果表明：乔木层和更新层平均混交度分别为0．520、0．228,差异较大,乔木层混交度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层的平均角尺度分别为0．575、0．530,属于聚集分布,乔木层聚集强度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层平均大小比数分别为0．493、0．511,各等级林木分布较均匀;乔木层平均开阔比数为0．713,处于开阔的光环境中;随着林层增加,大小比数呈下降趋势,开阔比数呈增加的趋势,大小比数与开阔比数呈极显著负相关;参照木与4株最近相邻木的平均距离随林层增加呈递增趋势,但大部分相邻木分布在3m以内。     

不同采样幅度和间距下压砂地枣树土壤水分的空间变异性研究

为了探明西北地区特有的压砂地枣树土壤水分的空间变异及其尺度效应,本文基于野外试验,选取32m×32 m区域,并在此基础上改变采样幅度和采样间距,基于经典统计学和地统计学理论,研究了不同采样幅度和间距条件下0-50 cm土层土壤含水量的空间分布特征及其空间变异性。结果表明,对于所有5种采样幅度(32m×32 m、28 m×28 m、24 m×24 m、20 m×20 m和16 m×16 m),随土层深度的增加,土壤含水量呈减小的趋势,而变异系数呈增大的趋势,空间变异强度基本表现为弱变异至中等偏弱变异;当采样幅度增大时,土壤含水量的变异系数Cv、块金值C0及变程A均不断增大。对于4 m、8 m和12 m这3种采样间距,当采样间距增大时,土壤含水量的块金值C0不断增大,变程A不断减小,而变异系数Cv不受影响。在不同尺度内,土壤含水量均存在强烈的空间自相关性。各土层土壤含水量在不同采样间距下的空间分布形态相似,多处出现明显的"隆起"与"凹陷",受地形影响显著,并随着采样间距的增大,逐渐平坦化,8 m为较合理的采样间距。     

Avian predation on wild and cultured sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Strongylocentrotus intermedius</Emphasis> in a rocky shore habitat

ABSTRACT:   The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins.     

The role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem

We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.