篱式果园纺锤形断面设计研究

在不同纬度地区建立篱式果园时,为充分利用太阳光能,必须确定合适的树篱断面形式及其适合的地理纬度。在每年春分到秋分这段生长期内,为满足篱式果园树冠基部每日中午前后都有3h以上的直射光照,利用天文三角公式计算太阳在不同纬度地区某日各时刻的位置,并计算在南北成行的条件下,满足光照奈件的树篱的确形角。在满足光照条件下,依不同的冠高与冠间距的比值分析确定三角形断面树篱适合的地理纬度,并利用前人的研究与该文相结合,进而讨论确定在不同纬度地区三角形断面树篱的最佳参数。然后,将三角形断面转化为纺锤形断面,为在篱式果园中纺锤形断面的设计提供理论依据。     

糖苷水解酶家族基因AghyGH1a参与莲草直胸跳甲对皂苷的代谢

为了解植物化合防御物质皂苷对专食性天敌莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygrophila的防御作用,测定莲草直胸跳甲2龄幼虫取食皂苷后的排泄和肠道变化,利用转录组测序筛选参与皂苷代谢的候选基因,并采用 RNA 干扰技术鉴定候选基因功能。结果发现,取食皂苷导致莲草直胸跳甲幼虫排泄量增加,肠道畸变,排泄量与取食皂苷浓度正相关。转录组测序发现,与对照相比,取食 100 mmol/L皂苷处理的莲草直胸跳甲幼虫肠道有496条差异表达基因,其中261个上调基因和235个下调基因。GO分类和KEGG分类分析发现糖苷水解酶家族1（glycoside hydrolase family1,GH1）基因集中在碳水化合物水解通路。利用RNA干扰技术鉴定发现,莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a基因沉默可导致幼虫取食皂苷后排泄量增加,肠道内容物颜色更暗沉。表明莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a参与皂苷代谢。     

黄淮海地区不同种植结构下点蜂缘蝽的发生规律

为明确大豆-玉米带状间作种植模式对点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris发生规律的影响,2023年在山东省大豆单作田中进行诱捕效果试验,筛选诱捕效果最好的诱捕器对黄淮海地区山东、河南和安徽3个省6个市不同种植模式下点蜂缘蝽的发生动态进行监测。结果显示,风叶型诱捕器对点蜂缘蝽的诱捕效果最佳。在大豆单作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生高峰期为7月中旬—8月中旬,此时大豆正值盛花-始荚期。在大豆-玉米带状间作田内点蜂缘蝽的发生动态与大豆单作田的无明显差异,但点蜂缘蝽发生数量及高峰期发生时间可能与杀虫剂的施用时间和次数密切相关。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

上海优质粳稻产业现状及高质量发展对策

总结了上海优质粳稻产业发展现状,分析了产业发展中存在的问题,提出了相应对策。具体对策为：进一步优化茬口布局,推进用养结合型稻田农作制;实现优质水稻品种创新和绿色生产关键技术提升;以智慧农业为引领,积极推进现代农机农艺应用,提升绿色水稻产能水平;实施地产稻米品牌战略,促进提质增效。     

Comparing surface erosion processes in four soils from the Loess Plateau under extreme rainfall events

This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h⁻¹) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m⁻²∙min⁻¹), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.     

基于CRITIC-GR-TOPSIS法的烟台市水资源承载力综合评价

[目的]对山东省烟台市水资源承载具体状况进行定量与定性分析,提出相应提高水资源承载力的对策和建议,为实现烟台市水资源可持续发展提供科学参考.[方法]建立涵盖水资源、社会、经济和水环境4个准则层的评价指标体系,运用CRITIC-GR-TOPSIS法,对2003-2018年烟台市水资源承载力进行综合评价,以相对贴近度Cj作...     

人工培植羊黄的研究

对70头山羊、50头绵羊和5头奶山羊进行了人工培植羊黄研究。在植黄后一年,对42头山羊,10头绵羊和1头奶山羊取黄,在羊的胆囊内形成了羊黄。对11个羊黄样品进行了胆色素、总胆固醇和总胆酸等项目测定,结果表明与天然牛黄主要成分相同,但含量有所不同。对5个羊黄样品进行了超微结构观察,结果与天然牛黄一致。 对人工培植羊黄羊的胆囊胆汁进行了测定,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性(以下简称β-G酶活性)和粘蛋白含量明显升高。因接种的大肠杆菌血清型不同,β-G酶活性也呈现不同程度的变化。对培植羊黄羊的胆囊进行了组织学检查,胆囊壁粘膜上皮柱细胞间的杯状细胞及固有膜中的粘液腺大量增生,是胆汁中多糖粘蛋白增高的组织学基础。 对培植羊黄进行了药理学试验,其结果与天然牛黄完全一样。     

2020年养猪科技新技术盘点

"物极必反,困则思变",非洲猪瘟和新冠疫情没有让养猪行业止步不前,反而促使人们去尽最大努力探索养猪科技新技术.无抗替代技术、发酵混合饲料技术、区块链+畜产品溯源技术和生猪期货合约上市等承压前行,在不平凡的2020年交上了不俗的答卷.     

Application of non-structural protein ELISA kits in nationwide FMD surveillance in pigs to demonstrate virus circulation in Taiwan

Large scale surveillance of FMD non-structural protein (NSP) antibody in pigs was conducted to monitor for FMD virus circulation in Taiwan using Ceditest and UBI NSP ELISA kits after recurrence of FMD in 2009. A total of 53,759 serum samples were collected from pigs in the auction markets in 2009. There were 43 farms with positive FMD NSP reactors to both NSP ELISA tests in the nationwide surveillance. After tracing back, clinical examination and the NSP ELISA testing using both Ceditest and UBI on 14 follow-up serum samples from all the herds with confirmed NSP reactors in 2009, there were 4 farms classified as positive on follow-up testing criteria. In this surveillance, we have demonstrated that the NSP ELISA tests of outbreak farms followed by clinical and serological investigation could be used to detect FMD circulation in the pig population in Taiwan even while the national compulsory vaccination program is ongoing.