乳酸乳球菌和魏斯氏菌的分离及鉴定

试验以生牛奶、自制泡菜水、青贮料、市售奶酪为样品,进行乳酸乳球菌和魏斯氏菌的筛选与鉴定。通过培养基中菌落形态观察和镜检细胞形态观察,共筛得6株疑似乳酸球菌（分别命名为ST1、ST2、ST6、ST7、ST8、ST9）。经生理生化、耐盐性、耐热性试验以及16S rD-NA序列分析鉴定,这6株菌分属两个属：ST1、ST2、ST7、ST9为乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lac-tis）,其中ST2为乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris）,ST7为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis ）;ST6、ST8属于魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）,其中ST6为食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）。研究表明,生牛奶和泡菜水分别是乳酸乳球菌和魏斯氏菌的优良生活环境,传统方法与分子生物技术相结合可更准确快速地分离及鉴定菌株。     

海洋生态资本理论框架下的生态系统服务评估

海洋生态资本指能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源。海洋生态资本价值由海洋生态资源存量价值和海洋生态系统服务价值组成。海洋生态资本评估包括海洋生态资源存量评估和海洋生态系统服务评估。在海洋生态资本理论框架体系下,针对我国近海生态系统服务的开发与利用情况,建立了评估海洋生态系统服务的物质量和价值量的技术框架。基于物质量可量化、价值量可货币化、数据可获得性三条评估原则,筛选出9个指标定量评估海洋生态系统服务的物质量和价值量,并给出了对应的评估方法、计算公式、参数和数据来源。海洋供给服务采用养殖生产、捕捞生产和氧气生产3个指标评估;海洋供给服务采用气候调节、废弃物处理2个指标评估;海洋文化服务采用休闲娱乐、科研服务2个指标评估;海洋支持服务采用物种多样性维持、生态系统多样性维持2个指标评估。养殖生产、捕捞生产等指标采用市场价格法进行评估;氧气生产、废弃物处理、科研服务等指标采用替代成本法进行评估;气候调节指标采用替代市场价格法进行评估;休闲娱乐指标采用旅行费用法或收入替代法进行评估;物种多样性维持、生态系统多样性维持等指标采用条件价值法进行评估。该套方法体系已经应用于山东省7个沿海地级市和福建省东山湾、罗源湾的近海生态系统服务价值评估,已经得到学术界和海洋管理部门的认可,被国家标准《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》吸收采用。该套方法紧密切合国家生态文明建设需求,可为海洋主管部门的生态资本核算、生态补偿业务、环评审批提供关键技术手段,也为海洋生态系统服务的精确评估提供了科学基础。     

LNG储罐气相管结构的改进

利用有限元法分析计算了某LNG储罐气相管装料及卸料时的热应力,发现最大应力在气相管与内容器连接部位,其与气相管实际断裂位置吻合。分析结果表明：虽然装料与卸料会导致一定的压力与温度循环,但造成的交变应力强度幅很小,可以忽略其引起的疲劳损伤。造成结构破坏的原因为过大热应力导致的结构安定性失效。当内容器轴向收缩受限时,气相管应具有足够大的柔性,才能有效降低热应力,满足结构的安定性要求。从约束及热变形补偿入手,对消除及缓解LNG储罐气相管热应力的措施进行了探讨。（图5,参6）     

生姜种质资源田间性状的测定与评价

对69个生姜品种的出苗期、长势、整齐度等进行了田间测定与评价。结果表明,27个品种出苗较早,出苗期集中在播后第4周,3个品种出苗较晚,出苗期集中在播后第6周;出苗整齐度表现集中的有16个品种,不集中的有11个品种;长势强的品种有7个,占10%,长势中等的品种有41个,占60%;苗高整齐的共22个,占32%,中等的共24个,占35%。通过10个性状的相关性分析,选出与产量密切相关的6个性状,分别是长势、苗高整齐度、株高、株幅、分支数和主茎粗。     

不同保护措施对新栽葡萄苗木成活率和生长量的影响

本试验在干旱荒漠区,对新定植的红地球葡萄苗采用套袋、土袋、土堆3种保护处理,都显著提高了成活率、主梢长度、主梢地径。4月1日定植的苗木,生长80d和160d的调查结果都表现为土袋保护措施较好,而5月1日定植的苗木,套袋保护措施则表现较好。3种保护措施与对照间都表现出了显著性差异,但3种处理间的差异不显著。     

组合式基层与半刚性基层沥青路面技术经济指标对比分析

针对半刚性基层沥青路面使用上存在的不足,结合季冻区气候、路面材料和沥青路面结构特点,提出由沥青稳定碎石和水泥稳定碎石组合而成的组合式基层,并分析比较组合式基层沥青路面和半刚性基层沥青路面的力学性能和经济效益。结果表明,组合式基层沥青路面面层层底拉应变较低,具有较好的抗疲劳性能;沥青稳定碎石柔性材料具有的粘弹性和一定的自愈能力,在养护措施合理的情况下能够提供更好的道路使用性能;组合式基层沥青路面的工程造价与半刚性基层沥青路面基本相当。组合式基层能够改善沥青路面抗疲劳性能和温缩裂缝现象,更适合季冻区。     

Microstructure and properties of Ni-Fe3O4 composite plated polyester fabric

In this study, electroless Ni-Fe₃O₄ composite plating on polyester fabric modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was investigated under ultrasonic irradiation. Effects of deposit weight on microstructure and properties of Ni-Fe₃O₄ composite coating were studied. Surface morphology, chemical composition and state, crystal structure of the electroless Ni-Fe₃O₄ composite plated polyester fabric were characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS and XRD. Magnetic properties, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of Ni-Fe₃O₄ plated polyester fabric were also evaluated. The presence of co-deposition of Fe₃O₄ in Ni coating on the polyester fabric is demonstrated by an XPS analysis. At a higher deposit weight, there is an increase in particle size and saturation magnetization, and a decrease in electrical resistivity with respect to the rise of deposit weight, respectively. As the Ni-Fe₃O₄ weight on the treated fabric is 32.90 g/m², the EMI SE of the Ni-Fe₃O₄ plated polyester fabric arrives 15–20 dB at frequencies that range from 8 to 18 GHz. The results indicate the Ni-Fe₃O₄ plated polyester fabrics are used as super-paramagnetic, conductive and EMI shielding materials.     

Major Gene Plus Polygene Genetic Analysis of Lint Percent in Upland Cotton

[Objective] Lint percentage is a critical factor in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield; however, there is limited genetic researches available to dissect the genetic characteristics of cotton lint percentage or for illustrating the mechanism of how lint percentage contributes to yield formation.【Methods】This study used the major gene plus polygene genetic model to perform a comprehensive study on genetic variation among lint percentage characteristics. In total, a 250-recombinant inbred line population was constructed for cultivar CCRI 70, a national high-quality cotton, and this population and the cultivar’s parental lines were phenotyped in nine environments in the Yellow River Valley, the Yangtze River Valley and Northwest Inland Region. 【Results】The lint percentage of the female parent sGK Zhong 156 was greater than that of the male parent 901-001 when grown in the nine environments. The lint percentage range of the recombinant inbred lines was 33.91%–40.18%, with an average of 38.01%, and the average was lower than that of the parental values. Thus, the performance was heterotic. The absolute values of skewness and kurtosis were less than 1.0, indicating a normal distribution, and the coefficients of variation ranged from 5.36% to 8.17%. Lint percentage showed the following geographical trend: Northwest Inland Region＞the Yellow River Valley＞the Yangtze River Valley. The genetic model is as follows: in different environments, lint percentage is controlled by two to four pairs of main genes or two pairs of major genes plus polygenes. The heritability of major genes ranged from 1.26% to 83.13%, the multiple gene heritability ranged from 27.35% to 90.83%, and the heritability of major genes plus multiple gene ranged from 92.00% to 99.35%. In the current study, lint percentage was mainly controlled by the major genes model having two major genes plus polygenes and the major gene model having two to four major genes. Among 2015 in Anyang, Henan, 2016 in Anyang, Henan and 2016 in Linqing, Shandong, only the former had four pairs of major genes. 【Conclusion】When the main gene plus polygenic benefits on lint traits is greater than 90%, then a high quality cotton is produced. The results are helpful in elucidating the genetic rules regulating the yield components of CCRI 70, and they provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton yield.     

甜高粱饲用价值及饲喂奶牛技术

近年来我国畜牧业发展迅速,奶牛存栏数量呈现逐年增加的趋势,与此同时,人们对各类奶制品需求量的逐渐增加,进一步带动了以奶牛业为核心的畜牧业发展。目前一些大型畜牧场将玉米(Zea mays)饲草作为畜禽的主要饲料,远不能解决畜牧业快速发展导致的饲草不足问题。甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)是一种仅次于青贮玉米的优良饲草作物,耐干旱,耐贫瘠,生物产量高,籽粒可以用作配合饲料,茎叶和秸秆可进行青饲、青贮等。本文从甜高粱的刈割、甜高粱不同预处理方式及甜高粱的多功能用途等方面进行综述,对甜高粱饲喂奶牛的效果进行综合对比,并提出饲用应注意事项等,旨在为今后使用甜高粱饲喂奶牛提供一些技术参考。