双马来海松酸酯多元醇的合成研究

利用马来海松酸中酸酐和羧基反应活性的差异，合成了两种类型的双马来海松酸酯多元醇．测试了酯化产物的分子量、聚合度、粘度、羟值和官能度等理化参数；并对各产物的耐热性和红外光谱进行了讨论．研究结果表明，所有酯化产物均可作为耐热的多元醇原料使用．     

住宅楼卫生间暖卫管道根部渗漏原因分析及其防治

本文分析了住宅楼卫生间暖卫管渗漏的原因:管道孔洞未预留或预留的位置不当:管洞堵塞质量低劣:不重视堵塞管洞的支模材料。对此渗漏应采取的防治办法:正确预留管道孔洞:重视堵洞材料和堵洞质量:扣强对防水层和地漏排水的施工管理:在管道四周做馒头状档水台。     

陆地棉衣分性状的主基因-多基因遗传分析

【目的】衣分是决定棉花产量的重要因素之一,有关其遗传研究相对较少,解析衣分性状遗传的特点,明确不同环境下衣分对产量形成的贡献机制。【方法】以国审优质棉中棉所70为基础构建的250个RIL(Recombinant inbred lines)群体,在黄河流域、长江流域和西北内陆棉区9个环境下对该RIL群体及其亲本进行了表型鉴定,并利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型综合研究衣分性状遗传变化特点。【结果】母本s GK中156衣分性状在9个环境下均大于父本901-001,RIL群体衣分分布范围为33.91%～40.18%,平均为38.01%,表现为双向超亲,偏度和峰度绝对值都小于1.0,呈正态分布,变异系数为5.36%～8.17%;不同环境下衣分表现为西北内陆棉区>黄河流域棉区>长江流域棉区的趋势;遗传模型是以2～4对主基因或2对主基因+多基因遗传控制,主基因遗传率在1.26%～83.13%,多基因遗传率在27.35%～90.83%,主基因+多基因遗传率在92.00%～99.35%,一般情况下衣分是以2对主基因+多基因遗传为主,在2015年河南安阳、2016年河南安阳和2016年山东临清环境下以2～4对主基因遗传,遗传效应较高,在2015年河南安阳环境下最多检测到4对主基因的存在。【结论】衣分性状主基因+多基因遗传率大于90%,结果有助于进一步阐明优质棉中棉所70产量性状衣分的遗传特征,为不同生态区条件下相互引种和推广提供科学依据,为提高棉花产量、农民增收、QTL定位和高衣分品种选育提供理论基础。     

电商为主体的食用菌产品质量安全保证体系研究

探索实践了一个以电商企业为运营主体的产品质量安全保证体系模式,建立了一个食用菌产业中的生产者、流通者、销售者、消费者等自愿参加的联合组织。在这个组织中,参加者以自身诚信,执行国家有关质量法规标准,展示出了良好的社会诚信效应。结果表明:1)以电子商务公司为主体,发挥了中枢主导作用;2)以国家科研单位的技术力量为支撑,保证了产品的科学准确性;3)以公司自己生产产品,保证了产品的质量安全;4)与诚信的物流公司合作,保证了产品完好无损地送到消费者手中;5)与消费者建立了实名制销售的体制,确保了相互诚信,发挥了消费者的产品质量受益和监督的双重作用。     

优质高产棉花杂交种中棉所101

简要介绍了中棉所101的选育过程、特征特性以及高效栽培技术要点。     

盐渍化土壤覆土材料理化性状及其对双孢蘑菇生长的影响

研究山西省当地盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳配制的不同覆土材料(Ⅰ:66.7%草炭土,33.3%盐渍化土壤;Ⅱ:50%草炭土,50%盐渍化土壤;Ⅲ~Ⅴ:每立方米盐渍化土壤分别添加45kg醋糟、谷糠或高粱)的理化性状,并比较不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生长的影响,以草炭土为对照。从覆土至第一潮菇采收结束,Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土的电导率则一直保持较高水平,为1427~1980μS/cm,第三潮菇采收时,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土电导率均显著下降;覆土第6天开始,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土的pH明显高于对照,为7.47~8.47;Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土处理的发菌天数与对照相同,Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土处理则比对照延长3d;各处理的第一潮菇和第三潮菇的采收时间均为5d,第二潮菇采收时间各处理间略有差异,但总产量均高于对照,其中以Ⅲ覆土处理产量最高,达21.3kg/m~2。试验结果表明,盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳均可作为生产双孢蘑菇的覆土材料。     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机的设计与试验

针对马铃薯垄作栽培种植中肥量需求量大、土壤疏松程度高等要求,研究设计了1ZL5型马铃薯中耕机。通过对整机结构和工作原理的阐述以及对开沟铲和覆土铧工作断面参数的理论分析,获得了机具关键部件的具体结构参数。同时,对整机的作业性能进行了田间试验,结果表明:设计的马铃薯中耕机各项试验指标均满足马铃薯中耕要求,能够一次性完成松土、除草、筑垄等作业,还兼有蓄水、保墒的作用。该研究为马铃薯中耕机的研发提供了参考。     

Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.     

Comparative study on different sediment transport capacity based on dimensionless flow intensity index

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Sediment transport plays a vital role in the development of soil erosion process models. The primary purpose of this study is to establish new sediment transport...