UV-B辐射促进红壤水稻土中碳氮转化

以母质相同而有机质含量不同的两种水稻土(高有机质土,HO;低有机质土,LO)为对象,研究了三种强度的紫外(UV-B)辐射对两种土壤碳、氮转化的影响。结果表明:随着UV-B辐射强度的增加,土壤有机碳(TOC)含量降低,而可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量增加;UV-B辐射促进了土壤有机碳的降解和硝态氮的增加。在高强度的UV-B(2.83 W·m~(-2))辐射处理96 h后,LO和HO土壤的TOC含量分别减少了9.89%和10.16%,而DOC含量分别提高了39.24%和50.50%;同样辐射条件下,LO和HO土壤NO_3~--N含量分别比接受辐射前增加了74.48%和81.87%。因此,在农业生产中为了保护土壤碳库,减少氮素损失,应尽量避免地表裸露以降低UV-B辐射对土壤碳、氮转化的影响。     

县域耕地资源利用分析——以河北省辛集市为例

随着工业化、城市化进程的加快,与粮食安全、生态安全、经济安全、社会稳定息息相关的耕地资源的作用越来越明显,耕地保护越来越受到人们的重视。结合河北省辛集市耕地资源的利用现状,分析辛集市耕地资源利用中的时间和空间变化特征,并进一步提出促进建设用地的节约集约化程度、加强土地整理、注重耕地资源生产能力保护等实现耕地资源可持续利用的措施。     

旧院黑鸡染色体组型及G带研究

对旧院黑鸡的染色体组型和Ｇ－显带模式研究表明，旧院黑鸡与普通家鸡的染色体数一致，Ｇ一带相同，第１，３和７对染色体发生了结构变异，可能是染色体臂间倒位和不等易位似可作为旧院黑鸡染色体组型的参考特征。     

Another Way to Establish the Harmonious Extension-System of Water-Saving Agro-Technique

从理论基础、技术集成、参与部门等方面来认识节水农业推广体系的系统性，分析了现在节水农业技术推广体系中问题的根源是利益的分配与不满足问题，实质是协调与相互配合程度不够。提出了从培育市场需求拉动建立协调的节水农业技术推广体系的必要措施。     

大力发展林下经济 巩固退耕还林成果

通过分析制约天津市退耕还林工程中的问题,提出发展林下经济对于促进退耕还林区农民增收,巩固退耕还林成果的重要意义,介绍了适合于天津市退耕还林区的几种林下经济模式。     

用"母犊素"提高产母犊率的应用试验

应用“母犊素“分别对荷斯坦牛、西门塔尔牛、杂种牛和土种牛提高产母犊率的试验,结果表明试验组牛平均产母犊率为763%,对照组为38.4%,比对照组提高37.9%,差异极显著(p＜0.01).品种间的差异不明显,产母犊率最高的为杂种牛达81.0%,取得了较为理想的效果.     

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars for resistance to Fusarium head blight

To identify excellent cultivars resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 104 wheat cultivars were tested by single-flower inoculation using two prevalent pathogens from 2018 to 2020. Agronomic traits were also investigated. Six FHB-resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, Fhb5, Fhb7 and Qfhb.crc-2D, have been assessed using previously reported DNA markers. A diagnostic marker has been used for Fhb1, and indicative markers linked to the other QTL were used. Results showed that (i) 12 (11.5%) cultivars were resistant to two pathogens in 3 years; among them, ‘Shengxuan 6’, ‘Wanhongbian 759’, ‘Yunong 903’ and ‘Yunong 901’ had good agronomic traits. (ii) Among cultivars with one resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars carrying Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc-2D were 2.2 and 2.8, respectively, whereas those of cultivars with Fhb2 or Fhb7 were 3.6. Among cultivars with two resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars with Fhb1 + Fhb4, Fhb1 + Fhb7 and Fhb4 + Fhb5 were 2.2, 3.0 and 3.6, respectively. The severity of five cultivars possessing three or four resistance QTL was below 2.5. Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc-2D showed better resistance effects than other resistance QTL.     

DNA条形码技术在生物分类学中的应用前景

DNA条形码(DNA barcoding)技术作为近年来发展起来的一门物种鉴定的新兴技术,已引起越来越多的关注。这一技术的主要目的是鉴定已知物种和发现的新物种。DNA条形码提供了可信息化的分类学标准和更加敏感的分子差别模式,相对于传统生物鉴定的优势在于可以揭示隐存种,鉴定缺少形态数据或形态不易区分的种类,为物种鉴定提供简单有效的工具。综述了DNA条形码技术的产生、发展和基本原理以及在生物分类学中的应用及存在的问题。     

Consumption of oxidized oil increases oxidative stress in broilers and affects the quality of breast meat

A total of 120 4-week-old broiler chickens were allotted to 12 pens and fed one of three diets including control, oxidized diet (5% oxidized oil), or antioxidant-added diet (500 IU vitamin E) for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of feeding trial, and breast muscles were sampled immediately after slaughter. Breast meats were also collected 24 h after slaughter and used for meat quality measurements. Oxidative stress in blood, lipid and protein oxidation, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity of breast muscle were determined. The oxidized diet increased oxidative stress in blood and increased carbonyl content in breast meat compared with the other two dietary treatments (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation of breast muscles with the antioxidant-supplemented diet was lower than that with the oxidized and control diet groups (P < 0.05). Meat from birds fed the oxidized diet showed higher drip loss after 1 and 3 days of storage and greater 0-1 h post-mortem pH decline (P < 0.05). Significant differences in specific SERCA activity in breast muscles from birds fed control and oxidized diets (P < 0.05) were detected. This suggested that dietary oxidized oil induced oxidative stress in live birds and increased lipid and protein oxidation in breast muscle. Decrease in SERCA activity in breast muscles due to oxidative stress in live animals accelerated post-mortem glycolysis, which sped the pH drop after slaughter and increased drip loss, indicating that oxidation of diet can cause PSE-like (pale, soft, and exudative) conditions in broiler breast muscles.     

养猪场防疫管理存在的问题及对策

近年来,随着我国一系列优惠政策的出台及产业结构的调整,养猪业逐渐向规模化、集约化、专业化方向发展。但是危害猪群健康的新发疾病屡见不鲜,发病机制也较复杂。再加之有些养殖户片面追