Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome was studied in plasma after a single dose (10 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in freshwater at 30 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models following both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T_1/2ka) were 0.049 and 0.037 L/h/kg, 0.41 and 0.33 L/kg, and 0.028 and 0.035 h following i.m. and i.p. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T_1?2β) was calculated to be 5.81 h, the maximum plasma concentration (C_max) to be 49.40 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma cefquinome concentration (T_max) to be 0.14 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 204.6 μg h/mL. Following i.p. administration, the corresponding estimates were 6.05 h, 44.39 μg/mL, 0.17 h and 267.8 μg h/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefquinome, determined for 30 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia, ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 μg/mL. Results from these studies support that 10 mg cefquinome/kg body weight daily could be expected to control tilapia bacterial pathogens inhibited in vitro by a minimal inhibitory concentration value of ≤2 μg/mL.     

吐温-80对液氮冷冻处理的双歧杆菌的冻伤保护

向双歧杆菌培养基中添加吐温-80，可增加双歧杆菌的细胞膜柔韧性和弹性。经液氮冷冻处理24h后，测定双歧杆菌细胞漏出液中乳酸脱氢酶的活力，结果表明添加吐温-80，可显著降低细胞培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率（p〈0．05），其中以添加0．025％吐温-80的效果尤为明显。     

低蛋白质对猪胴体品质的影响

本文综述了补充平衡氨基酸的低蛋白质日粮时于断奶仔猪及肥育猪的生产性能、胴体品质、脏器重量影响的研究,并分析了低蛋白质日粮对其生产性能和肉质影响的可能原因.     

Cloning, expression and characterization of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) CD137

CD137 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory molecule in activated T cells. Agonistic CD137 specific antibodies have been investigated as therapeutic agents to promote tumor-specific immune responses by direct activation of T cells. As part of the pre-clinical pharmacological evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys, monkey CD137 was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a full-length gene of 254 amino acids 95% identical to human CD137. Sequence variants identified in monkey CD137 include four splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. These variants were detectable in human including two previously unreported variants. Two missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected present in 42 and 50% of 36 monkeys tested. In both monkey and human, mRNA expression of full-length CD137 and splice variants were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibodies. Recombinant monkey CD137 protein was bound with high affinity by an agonistic anti-human CD137 antibody but not by an anti-mouse CD137 antibody. In summary, compared to human, monkey CD137 showed distinct extracellular domain amino acid sequence and sequence polymorphisms. Thus, antibodies directed against epitopes in this extracellular domain could have differences in pharmacologic activity between cynomolgus monkeys and human or across individual cynomolgus monkeys.     

SPF蛋鸡人工感染鸡杆菌的病理形态学观察

采用鸡杆菌自然病例分离纯化的鸡杆菌人工感染开产前(105日龄)和开产后(163日龄)的SPF蛋鸡,运用组织学的方法对鸡杆菌自然病例和试验病例进行比较病理学观察。结果表明,自然病例和试验病例均可引起蛋鸡产蛋高峰推迟,产蛋量下降,且多产畸形蛋;病变主要在呼吸道和生殖道,主要表现为呼吸道和生殖道黏膜层严重充血、水肿、浆液性及炎性渗出等反应。但是试验病例未出现自然病例中常见的腹膜炎和输卵管炎症状。输卵管的病变主要在膨大部和子宫部,这种特征性病变可作为该病病理诊断的重要指征之一。这表明鸡杆菌单因子感染可引起SPF开产蛋鸡生产性能明显降低以及呼吸道和生殖道的病理变化。     

阿拉善荒漠草地生态危机及其治理对策

综述了阿拉善地区生态危机的现状 ,并根据多年来生态治理的经验和成果 ,提出了以改善生态环境为目标、草原建设为重点、综合开发为手段 ,坚持环境治理与农牧业生产并重的治理原则与方法     

长期不同施肥处理对连作高粱生长规律及产量的影响研究

以甜高粱品种‘新高粱3号’为试验材料,采用长期定位施肥方式,研究CK、NK、NP、PK、NPK、M(有机肥)、NPKM、1.5NPKM 8个不同施肥处理对甜高粱生长规律、含糖锤度、叶绿素含量及产量的影响,筛选出适宜新疆干旱区连作甜高粱生长的最佳施肥方式。结果显示,不同施肥处理对连作甜高粱的生育期、农艺性状、叶绿素含量、秸秆含糖锤度及产量均有影响。在不同施肥处理下甜高粱的株高、茎粗、叶片数、秸秆含糖锤度和叶绿素含量在整个生育阶段的变化趋势基本一致,但不同施肥处理之间有差异。成熟期不同施肥处理之间的株高、茎粗和茎秆含糖锤度差异较大、叶片数差异不大,其中NPKM施肥处理的株高、茎粗和含糖锤度分别为224.33 cm、21.47 mm、18.41%,均高于其他施肥处理,并比CK极显著增高了13.86%、39.60%、23.47%。施肥有利于秸秆含糖锤度的积累,在抽穗后第28天时达到最高值,此时,NPKM处理达到18.57%,但抽穗期到成熟期不同茎节含糖锤度在不同施肥处理下的积累规律不一致。各处理的叶绿素含量在整个生育期的变化趋势基本一致,灌浆期时达到最大值,其中NPKM处理叶绿素达到44.62 SPAD。所有施肥处理的秸秆产量、籽粒产量和生物产量均比CK极显著地增加,其中NPKM处理秸秆产量、籽粒产量、生物产量分别达到90.80、4.01、94.81 t·hm^-2,均高于其他处理。施肥有利于增加甜高粱的产量、含糖锤度及经济效益,利用不同施肥方式来缓解高粱连作障碍的过程中应当注重采取不同的肥料配比。综合来看,有机肥、无机肥混合施用(NPKM)是促进干旱区连作高粱生长发育的最佳施肥模式。     

DNA序列在蚌科分子系统学研究中的应用

蚌科动物是世界上濒危的动物类群之一,DNA作为遗传信息的载体,直接对DNA序列进行分析和比较是研究蚌科分子系统学最理想的方法,也是研究最佳保种计划最关键的资料。论文从研究方法(包括基因组DNA的提取、目的基因的选择、PCR引物和扩增条件的选用)和各亚科分子系统学的研究结果等方面,总结了蚌科分子系统学的研究进展,并展望了中国蚌科分子系统学的研究方向。     

EGF和IGF-Ⅰ对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选择21日龄断奶长白仔猪37头随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头,分别施以表皮生长因子(EGF)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、基础日粮、自然哺乳处理,表皮生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ的剂量均为17.86μg/d。试验自断奶之日起,试验期14d。试验结果表明,第1周EGF组和IGF-Ⅰ组日增重均低于其他两组第2周EGF组日增重高于其他3组,IGF-Ⅰ组低于其他3组;整个试验期EGF组日增重高于基础日粮组,低于自然哺乳组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。第1周自然哺乳组的料重比均显著优于其他各组(P<0.05),第2周EGF组的料重比均显著优于其他各组(P<0.05),整个试验期EGF组和自然哺乳组的料重比接近,优于其他两组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

远红外碳纤维发热板设计仔猪保育箱的应用效果研究

为研发更为合理有效的断奶仔猪保温设备,提高养猪效益,采用远红外碳纤维发热板加热,温控器控温以及木箱箱体和聚氯乙烯门帘保温组合方式对普通仔猪保育箱进行了改进,并通过对比试验考察该设备的应用效果。结果显示:与对照组相比,断奶前期试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了9. 51%(P<0. 01)和10. 44%(P=0. 06);腹泻率、腹泻频率分别降低33. 0%和42. 9%(P>0. 05);免疫球蛋白G (Ig G)较对照组提高6. 75%(P>0. 05);日平均温度提高2. 3℃(P<0. 01),日平均湿度降低2. 6个百分点(P<0. 01);每圈日平均耗电量降低90. 2%(P<0. 01)。结果表明:改进后的保育箱可显著提高断奶初期日采食量,具有提高仔猪日增重、免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻的趋势,升温和保温效果明显,节能高效,具有较大的推广应用价值。