利比亚Wadi Bay地区地下水水化学特征及成因分析（英文）

[目的]分析利比亚WadiBay干谷地区地下水水化学特征的形成原因,为地下水资源合理开发利用以及地下水环境保护提供科学依据。[方法]以利比亚Wadi 8Bay（Bay干谷）地区为例,运用Piper三线图示法、描述性统计、离子比例系数法、同位素证据,系统研究了利比亚WadiBay地区干旱气候条件下浅层地下水特殊的水化学特征。[结果]区域地下水含盐量很高,矿化度（TDS）在3.2～8.4g/L,地下水类型主要为Cl、SO4--Na、Ca,其次为Cl.SO4-Na、Ca、Mg;地下水中Cl-、Na＋、SO42-等在距海70km处浓度产生突变,而Mn2＋、Ba2＋、Si2＋、NH4＋与NO3-并无同样突变现象。[结论]比亚WadiBay干谷地区浅层地下水水化学特征与溶虑作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及人类活动关系不大,主要成因为海水入侵过程中的咸淡水混合作用。     

Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cows (Bos taurus) in Egypt with and without signs of reproductive disease

Abstract

AIMS: To obtain information and compare the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cows (Bos taurus) in Egypt with and without clinical signs of reproductive disease.

METHODS: Vaginal swabs and blood samples were collected from animals attending Governmental Veterinary Clinics without (buffalo n=39, cows n=20) and with (buffalo n=63, cows n=53) signs of reproductive disease. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to Chlamydiaceae using complement fixation testing (CFT). Vaginal swabs were tested for Chlamydiaceae following inoculation into Vero cells and 6-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, using modified Giménez and immunoperoxidase staining, PCR analyses targeting the omp2 gene, and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR) for species identification.

RESULTS: Antibodies to Chlamydiaceae were detected in 30/39 (77%) and 50/63 (79%) buffalo without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively, and 10/20 (50%) and 39/53 (74%) of cows with and without signs of reproductive disease, respectively. Positive samples from PCR analysis were identified in 31/39 (79%) and 37/63 (59%) buffalo without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively, and 12/20 (60%) and 46/53 (89%) of cows without and with signs of reproductive disease, respectively. Using RFLP-PCR, 57/68 (84%) of samples from buffalo, and 47/58 (81%) from cows, were identified as Chlamydophila psittaci and the reminder as Cp. abortus. From the CFT and PCR results there was no significant difference in the prevalence of positive samples between species, or between animals without or with signs of reproductive disease.

CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-Chlamydiaceae antibodies in 77% of the animals with signs of reproductive disease and the detection of Chlamydiaceae in 72% of vaginal swabs of the animals suggest a pathogenic role by Chlamydiaceae in riverine buffalo and cows. The main Chlamydiaceae found in the genital tract of cattle in Egypt were Cp. psittaci and Cp. abortus.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chlamydophila spp. should be included in diagnostic algorithms for reproductive disorders, in order to assess the real burden of Chlamydophila associated disease in buffalo and cattle and to evaluate the potential value of vaccines.