玉米多胞质雄性不育杂交种冀玉988的选育及利用

不育化制种主要在于保证杂交种子的质量及降低其生产成本。多胞质杂交种的利用主要拓宽胞质异质性，增强杂交种对环境的适应能力与防范小斑病菌新的专化小种的严重为害。本研究以优良玉米新品种冀玉988（6048×黄选921．6）为背景，以s组的s，M，R与21A及C组的Rb，Bb与Es雄性不育细胞质（CMS）为试材，将母本6048转育成同核异质体，不育性稳定。父本921．6对21A，s与R三种CMS具有强恢复性。本研究论证了多胞质杂交种在生产上利用的可行性。冀玉988已配制成具有恢复性能的多胞质雄性不育杂交种，可用于生产。     

气相色谱法检测辐照牛肉中的碳氢化合物

利用气相色谱法分析牛肉辐照前后碳氢化合物的类型与浓度差异,建立了一种能判别辐照牛肉的鉴定方法。本试验通过正己烷溶剂萃取,Florisil柱分离和气相色谱分析,对辐照牛肉产生的6种碳氢化合物进行了定性和定量分析。研究结果表明,牛肉经辐照处理后,显著产生1,7-C16:2(1,7-十六二烯),而在未辐照的牛肉中没有检测到,因而1,7-C16:2是鉴定牛肉是否经过辐照处理的最适合标志物。     

ESR法定量检测干果类辐照食品

以葵花籽、核桃、开心果和榛子为试验材料,研究在0、1.0、3.0、5.0和10.0kGy剂量范围内4种样品辐照剂量与信号强度的关系以及相关性.结果表明:4种样品在辐照前后ESR波谱有明显区别,其信号强度与辐照剂量均呈正相关.辐照后样品的ESR强度和谱形都发生变化,应用ESR法能够鉴定4种食品是否经过辐照.其中核桃和开心...     

抗菌肽CecropinB对人工感染大肠杆菌雏鸡的治疗效果研究

以1日龄来航蛋雏鸡为试验对象,研究重组抗菌肽CecropinB治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌感染的效果.120只雏鸡分6个组,每组20只,其中不同剂量抗菌肽治疗组又分为口服和肌内注射两个不同的处理,每个处理10只.致死剂量大肠杆菌肌内注射24 h后,肌内注射和口服不同浓度的重组CecropinB抗菌肽,连续治疗5 d.结果表明,重组抗菌肽CecropinB对大肠杆菌病有较好的治疗效果.其中高剂量(0.75 mL)口服组的效果最佳,治愈率达到80%,中剂量(0.5 mL)口服组与高剂量肌内注射组治愈率同为70%.中剂量肌内注射组与环丙沙星组效果一致,治愈率达到60%,低剂量抗菌肽治疗组治疗效果不如上述所有治疗组.与感染对照组相比,所有组别的雏鸡死亡率显著降低.     

土地变更调查中存在的问题及建议——以原州区为例

以固原市原州区土地变更调查为例,从技术人才、经费投入、变更调查、加强管理等方面进行了分析,提出存在的问题和建议,供今后土地变更调查借鉴。     

Biological tools for the assessment of contaminated land: applied soil ecotoxicology

Abstract. Chemical analysis alone is inadequate for comprehensively assessing the impact of soil pollution on biota. The term bioavailability can only be applied in a context specific to a target biological receptor or a proven chemical surrogate. Integration of biological and chemical data can often yield significant advances in hazard assessment and act as a suitable baseline for making site-specific risk assessments. Here, the value of biological techniques is discussed and their application described. The relative merit of test selection is considered and the new direction being developed in sublethal assessments. Currently, however, one of the major limitations is the seeming lack of flexibility of many assays in that they are either applicable to agricultural systems or industrial scenarios, but rarely to both. As a consequence, few assays have internationally adopted protocols. The introduction of new methods and the continued improvement and refinement of assays make this area of soil science dynamic and responsive.     

Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils: fundamental concepts and techniques for analysis

Soils represent a major sink for organic xenobiotic contaminants in the environment. The degree to which organic chemicals are retained within the soil is controlled by soil properties, such as organic matter, and the physico‐chemical properties of the contaminant. Chemicals which display hydrophobic and lipophilic characteristics, as well as a recalcitrant chemical structure, will be retained within the soil, and depending on the ‘strength’ of the association may persist for long periods of time. This review describes the behaviour of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils, focusing on the mechanisms controlling interactions between soil and contaminants. The bioavailability of contaminants in soil is also discussed, particularly in relation to contact time with the soil. It considers the degradation of organic contaminants in soil and the mechanisms microbes use to access contaminants. Finally, the review discusses the ‘pros’ and ‘cons’ of chemical and biological techniques available for assessing bioavailability of hydrophobic organic chemicals in soils, highlighting the need to quantify bioavailability by chemical techniques. It concludes by highlighting the need for understanding the interactions between the soil, contaminants and biota which is crucial to understanding the bioavailability of contaminants in soils.     

应用HACCP理念建立食品辐照企业GIP管理体系的探讨

本文应用HACCP基本理念分析了食品辐照加工过程存在的危害因素及质量控制的关键控制点。深入探讨了建立食品辐照加工企业GIP管理体系的原则和方法。