Knowledges of the creative economy: Towards a relational geography of diffusion and adaptation in Asia

Abstract: Recent dialogues in geography and the social sciences have reminded researchers of the extent to which academic and policy knowledges are socially and spatially embedded – that is, they circulate through formal and informal systems of publishing, exchange, commodification and cultural influence. Academic and policy knowledges are, in short, very much a part of the creative economy. In light of this, our paper surveys knowledges of the creative economy itself, as reflected in a geography of industry reports and government policy statements in selected Asian countries. Using a post‐positivist framework adapted from diffusion theory, we critically interpret the circulation, mutation and adaptation of knowledges of the creative economy, claims to its significance, areas of emphases and notable silences.     

辽宁省糯玉米研究现状与育种方法探讨

回顾了糯玉米的起和发展状况。糯玉米起源于中国，具有广泛的利用价值。辽宁省在糯玉米的研究利用上落后于其它省份，处于起步阶段。在育种目标上应以鲜食和工业加工为主。采用二环选育法、逐代回交改良法以及回交、自交轮回式循环方法是加快辽宁省糯玉米新品种选育的有效方法。     

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus: 2. Virological studies

Quantitative and qualitative differences were demonstrated in the amount of virus in a range of tissues from pigs infected with either the Weybridge or New South Wales (NSW) strains of hog cholera (HC) virus. The titre of the Weybridge strain in samples, as assessed by either virus titration in cell culture or by the density of specific fluorescing cells in tissue sections, was higher than that for the NSW strain. This correlated with the greater severity of the clinico-pathological syndrome induced by the Weybridge strain. The implications of the differences in the virus content of tissues in the diagnosis of HC is discussed as is the use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate HC and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses.     

Interaural phase coding in auditory midbrain: influence of dynamic stimulus features

A laterally located sound source stimulates the two ears at slightly different times, generating interaural phase disparities (IPDs) that are used for sound localization. Under natural conditions, such interaural cues are likely to be constantly changing, or dynamic. In the inferior colliculus of gerbils and cats, the nonlinearities in the coding of dynamic interaural phase cues are demonstrated. Responses to ecologically realistic phase cues are more reflective of the change of IPD than of the absolute IPDs over which that change occurs. This observation is inconsistent with the established view that directional information is coded in terms of absolute IPD.     

Uterine Responses to Exogenous Oxytocin Before and After Pre-partum Luteolysis in the Cow

The aim of this study was to test the functional status of uterine oxytocin receptors in cows in vivo around parturition. The animals received consecutive, intra‐arterial injections of 800, 1600 and 3200 mU of oxytocin at three different stages: during late gestation (days 260–274), at 12 h and at 24 h after intramuscular injection of a prostaglandin F_2α analogue at day 275 to induce parturition. Cows (n=6) had been provided with myometrial electrodes and a catheter had been installed in the aorta and in a branch of the uterine vein (UV). Regular blood samples were obtained from the UV from 5 min before until 45 min after each oxytocin injection to measure plasma levels of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) and oxytocin. Uterine electromyographic (EMG) activity was registered continuously during each experiment. The increase of oxytocin levels in UV plasma after intra‐arterial injections was dose dependent (p < 0.02). Pre‐ and post treatment oxytocin levels at 24 h after induction of parturition were significantly increased (p=0.0313). Both during late pregnancy and at 12 h after induction of parturition, oxytocin caused a significant increase in EMG activity (p=0.022). After the 3200 mU dose the increase was significantly higher than with the other 2 doses (p=0.004). After each dose, EMG activity returned to baseline levels within some 15 min. At 24 h after induction of parturition, the pre‐treatment level of EMG activity had increased. Doses of 800 mU and 1600 mU of oxytocin produced a significant (p=0.022) increment of EMG activity, which was of the same magnitude as during the preceding stages; after 3200 mU of oxytocin the response was significantly higher than before (p=0.008). No significant increases of PGF_2α levels in UV plasma could be measured after oxytocin injections at any of the three stages. It is concluded that the myometrium of the pregnant cow responds in vivo to physiological doses of oxytocin. At 24 h after induction of parturition, when luteolysis has occurred and a parturient pattern of parturient myometrial activity has already started to develop, the response is enhanced. Physiological doses of oxytocin did not evoke a spurt release of PGF_2α in uterine venous blood during the peripartal period.     

计算机辅助仪器分析教学

将计算机引入仪器分析教学中,可以激发学生学习的积极性和兴趣,提高教学质量;利用分析仪器的计算机仿真技术,学生可以获得与实际操作仪器一样的经验.     

ESR法在五种植物类辐照食品检测中应用

本文以辣椒粉、干蘑菇、干红枣、核桃和螺旋藻等5种植物类食品为对象,研究了γ辐照诱导产生的ESR波谱特征,以此作为辐照产品鉴别的检测依据,并用此方法对南京辐照中心日常辐照产品进行了3年跟踪检测。结果表明:利用辐照前后ESR波谱的差异可以检测产品辐照与否。常规辐照剂量下,辣椒粉、干蘑菇、红枣辐照的正判率为100%,核桃粉和螺旋藻粉的正判率分别为80%～88%和85%～92%。ESR法在辐照产品快速鉴别和质量控制中有广泛的应用前景。     

Impact of Al and Fe on the development of phenanthrene catabolism in soil

Purpose

Heavy metals often occur as co-contaminants with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reportedly have adverse effects on biodegradation. In this study, the development of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene mineralisation in soil co-contaminated with aged or freshly added Al or Fe amendment was assessed.

Materials and methods

¹⁴C-phenanthrene mineralisation was assessed using respirometry; respirometers incorporated a Teflon-lined screw-capped CO₂ trap containing 1-M NaOH within a glass scintillation vial. The production of ¹⁴CO₂ was assessed by the addition of Ultima Gold liquid scintillation fluid to the CO₂ traps and subsequent liquid scintillation counting. Enumeration of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria was achieved by counting the colony forming unit count using the spread plate method.

Results and discussion

This investigation considered the effects of Al and Fe (50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on ¹⁴C-phenanthrene biodegradation in soil over 63-day contact time. Fresh Al amendments at lower concentrations (50 and 100 mg/kg) stimulated phenanthrene catabolism (p <0.05) at t?=?21 and 42 days which may reflect an ‘Arndt–Schulz’ effect, but phenanthrene catabolism was significantly reduced (p <0.05) in 500 mg/kg aged Al this could be due to Al toxicity to phenanthrene degraders. Phenanthrene mineralisation was stimulated in the highest Fe concentration (500 mg/kg) in aged and fresh Fe amendments at t?=?21 days. This could be because Fe is an essential requirement for microbial growth.

Conclusions

The impact of Al or Fe on the catabolism of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene was dependent on incubation time and Al was more toxic than Fe to soil PAH catabolic activity. This could be because Al is a non-essential microbial requirement. Bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with PAH and heavy metal is a complex problem; therefore, studies on the impact of metals on PAHs biodegradation highlight the risks and biodegradation potential in contaminated soil.     

促进区域经济发展深化图书馆信息服务

以哈尔滨市图书馆为例,通过图书馆为企业用户提供信息服务的实践,分析了图书馆为区域经济服务的现状,以及为区域经济服务过程中公共图书馆所起到的作用;提出今后图书馆促进区域经济发展、深化信息服务工作的几点举措。     

内蒙古马铃薯疮痂病发生与防治途径

2011～2012年对内蒙古自治区18个种薯生产单位和11个马铃薯县(旗、市)进行了马铃薯疮痂病(Streptomyces spp.)实地访问和调查。结果被调查的18个种薯生产单位有疮痂病率83.0%,病薯率0.0%～100.0%,11个县(旗、市)商品薯有疮痂病率100.0%,病薯率0.1%～38.0%。重复使用蛭石生产种薯、商品薯生产田轮作少、发病重。种薯较商品薯疮痂病问题更为严重。品种感病、条件适宜、重复使用蛭石、轮作少和缺乏有效杀菌剂是病害严重的主要因素。分析认为,使用效果显著的蛭石消毒剂或种薯处理剂是内蒙古马铃薯疮痂病防治的最佳途径。