The control of rotting and browning of litchi fruit by hot benomyl and plastic film

Browning, weight loss and rotting of litchis (Litchi chinensis Sonn) were studied in 3 seasons with fruit from several growing-areas in Australia. Post-harvest wastage was reduced when the fruit were dipped in hot benomyl and packed in plastic film. A benomyl dip (0.05% at 52°C for 2 min) followed by packing the fruit in punnets and over-wrapping with a “cling” pvc film (0.01 mm thickness) is suggested for controlling rotting, browning and loss in weight at temperatures of 20–30°C.     

Natural scrapie: detection of fibrils in extracts from the central nervous system of sheep

Extracts from the cervical spinal cord and from the medulla, thalamus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the brains of 10 sheep, histopathologically confirmed as cases of scrapie, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of scrapie-associated fibrils. Characteristic fibrils were observed in all the extracts except for that from the thalamus of one sheep. No fibrils were found in any extracts from three control sheep. A comparison of these results with a similar study of 22 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) suggests that in cases of scrapie the area of the brain chosen for the detection of fibrils is less critical than in cases of BSE, in which fibrils are more readily extracted from areas of the brain stem.     

Steady-state response characteristics of a pulse oximeter on equine intestine

The steady-state response characteristics of a pulse oximeter were evaluated on intestinal segments of seven clinically normal halothane-anesthetized horses. Arterial oxygen tension greater than 200 mm of Hg, end tidal carbon dioxide from 30 to 35 mm of Hg, and systemic mean arterial pressure greater than 70 mm of Hg were maintained throughout the recording periods. Values for percentage of pulse oximeter oxygen saturation, pulsatile blood flow, and percentage of signal strength were recorded from jejunum, ileum, cecum, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, and descending colon. Probe placement on intestinal segments was recorded as over or not over visible subserosal or transmural vessels. There was no significant difference between median values on the basis of vessel codes for pulse oximeter oxygen saturations, pulsatile flow, and signal strength. Median values recorded for pulse oximeter oxygen saturation were 93% from jejunum and ileum and 95% from cecum, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, and descending colon; median values for pulsatile flow were 576 from jejunum, 560 from ileum, 560 from cecum, 574 from left ventral colon, 578 from left dorsal colon, and 560 from descending colon; median values for signal strength were 50% from jejunum, 67.5% from ileum, 60% from cecum, 75% from left ventral colon, 50% from left dorsal colon, and 52.5% from descending colon. Median values obtained from each anatomic location were not significantly different for pulsatile flow or signal strength. Median pulse oximetry oxygen values recorded from jejunum and ileum were significantly lower than values obtained from other intestinal segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Binding of lipase, amylase and protease to intestinal epithelium as affected by carbohydrates and lectins in vitro

Intraluminal digestive enzymes were shown to bind to chick intestinal epithelial surface (glycocalyx). Affinity of the intestinal epithelium for the enzymes decreased in the order, lipase > amylase > protease. The plant hemagglutinins, Con A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and raw soybean effectively released lipase and amylase from the glycocalyx. Based on specific inhibition of binding by sugars, such as fucose and N-acetylated sugars, lipase and amylase appeared to be bound to blood group antigen-like sugar moieties on the glycocalyx of the microvilli.     

Observations of the immunopathology and therapy of canine pemphigus and pemphigoid

Immunopathologic evaluation of 27 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that direct immunofluorescence testing was vastly superior to indirect immunofluorescence testing for diagnosis. Therapeutic studies in 31 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that glucocorticoids given for systemic effect were unsatisfactory as the sole form of treatment because of lack of efficacy of unacceptable side effects, or both, in over 50% of the cases.     

Infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs: 41 cases (1980-1987)

Forty-one cases of infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs were reviewed. The cause was epithelial neoplasia in 29 dogs, granulomatous (chronic active) urethritis in 10 dogs, and leiomyoma in 2 dogs. Clinical signs of disease were similar in dogs with neoplastic and inflammatory disease and included strangury (36/41), hematuria (30/41), pollakiuria (20/41), vaginal discharge (16/41), and complete urinary obstruction (7/41). Results of aspiration biopsy of the urethra correlated with those of surgical biopsy in 11 of 15 dogs. In 4 of 15 dogs, results of cytologic and histologic examinations differed. Granulomatous (chronic active) urethritis is an infiltrative urethral disease in female dogs. Clinical findings are similar, but the prognosis is more favorable than that in dogs with urethral epithelial neoplasia.     

Pathogenetic studies of infection of the bovine fetus with bovine viral diarrhea virus. II. Ocular lesions.

Twenty-three susceptible pregnant heifers were inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus at 150 +/- 1 days of gestation. Seven additional heifers were inoculated between 65 and 115 days of gestation. Acute ocular lesions were seen in fetuses taken 17-21 days after inoculation of the dams at 150 days. By the fourth week, the acute lesions were beginning to resolve, and in newborn animals focal to total retinal atrophy was seen. The acute lesions were characterized by a mild to moderate retinitis that resulted in various degrees of destruction of the different layers, mononuclear cuffing of inner retinal vessels, proliferation of pigment epithelium, and choroiditis. Residually there was an absence of cellular elements in the atrophied areas of the retina, frequently a loss of layering and various numbers of pigment-containing cells. Moderately severe acute inflammation was seen in the retina of the fetus taken at 22 days after inoculation of its dam at 95 days. Ocular lesions did not occur in the other fetuses taken from heifers inoculated at earlier stages of gestation.