Limb Sparing Using a Double Bone-Transport Technique for Treatment of a Distal Tibial Osteosarcoma in a Dog

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of a spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma in a dog by means of tumor resection and bone regeneration of a 12-cm defect using double bone transport. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: An 11 year-old client-owned German shepherd. METHODS: After tumor resection, a preassambled Ilizarov frame was secured to the proximal tibia and to the tarso-metatarsal region. Two osteotomies were performed in the proximal metaphysis. The two bone segments were transfixed with 1.5-mm-diameter wires, each secured to a ring, and bone transport was performed until the distal segment reached the talar surface. Cisplatin was administered 14, 35, and 59 days after surgery. RESULTS: Bone regenerate was first visible radiographically 4 weeks after surgery. The frame was removed 162 days after surgery. The hock was protected with a plaster cast because the tarsal arthrodesis was not complete. The dog underwent tibiotarsal arthrodesis 201 days after osteosarcoma resection. The dog died of metastatic disease 239 days after the initial surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Even though this dog died of systemic metastases, local recurrence did not develop. Cisplatin chemotherapy did not appear to negatively affect bone regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To our knowledge, the double transport technique has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. In this dog, this technique decreased the duration of treatment compared with a conventional single-segment transport technique.     

过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响

用 8头荷斯坦黑白花奶牛 ,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇 ,研究其对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响。结果表明 ,过瘤胃蛋白+丙二醇可显著提高丙酸浓度 (P <0 0 5) ,并且产乳量较对照组有增加的趋势。乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及无脂固形物率 ,并未因添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇而受到显著影响 (P >0 0 5)。乳蛋白质量、乳脂量及无脂固形物量 ,过瘤胃蛋白 +丙二醇组较对照组有增加的趋势 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

Efficacy of synovex-S implants in suppression of estrus in the mare

The objective of this study was to determine if administration of Synovex-S^® implants, approved for use in cattle to promote weight gain and feed efficiency, would suppress the expression of behavioral estrus and/or alter follicular development and ovulation in the mare. Twenty-four clinically normal adult horses were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (6 mares per group) which received a total of 0, 8, 32 or 80 Synovex-S^® pellets 5 days after ovulation. An implant dose of 8 Synovex-S^® pellets contained a total of 200 mg of progesterone and 20 mg of estradiol benzoate. Mares were monitored daily by teasing and ultrasonography of the reproductive tract per rectum for 45 days. A blood sample was collected daily for progesterone analysis. All mares receiving Synovex-S^® implants returned to estrus at the predicted time. No differences were noted in duration of estrus, interovulatory interval or ovulation rate. In conclusion, subcutaneous administration of 8, 32 or 80 Synovex-S^® pellets did not suppress the expression of behavioral estrus or block ovulation in mares.     

A histological investigation of Oriental beech wood decayed by Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor

Chemical, light and electron microscopic studies were carried out on wood of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) decayed by the white‐rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor for 30, 60 and 120 days according to the modified European standard EN 113. Mass loss as well as lignin, cellulose and carbohydrate content were determined before and after fungal attack. There were no significant differences of wood mass loss and chemical composition between both fungi at the end of incubation. After each incubation period, small specimens were stained for microscopic studies. The micromorphology of fungal cell wall degradation was rather similar for both fungi. Both decreased the cell wall thickness to the same extent. The accumulation of hyphae as well as the rupture of cell walls was also similar. The occurrence of hyphae, cavities in the pits and vessel walls followed nearly the same patterns. The parenchyma cells were completely destroyed. Altogether, both fungi produced a simultaneous white rot in Oriental beech wood.     

Monitoring genetic fidelity vs somaclonal variation in Norway spruce (Picea abies) somatic embryogenesis by RAPD analysis

Summary Somaclonal variation, which is a welcome source of genetic variation for crop breeding, is unwanted when direct regenerants have to be used in tissue culture mass propagation (eg. in many forest trees), or in the regeneration of genetically transformed plants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyse somatic embryos and plants regenerated from embryogenic cell lines in Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. RAPD facilitated the identification of clones, as material from the same cell lines shared identical patterns of amplified fragments, whereas regenerants from different cell lines were easily distinguishable by their respective patterns. For comparisons with explant donor genotypes, cell lines were initiated from cotyledons. Some of the seedlings that had parts of their cotyledons removed were grown on as control plants. Somatic embryos regenerated from cotyledon cell lines showed no aberrations in RAPD banding patterns with respect to donor plants. We conclude that gross somaclonal variation is absent in our plant regeneration system.Abbreviations ESM embryogenic suspensor mass - RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid 2,4-D - 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA     

Zum Stand der Kenntnisse überProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col., Bostrichidae), einen gefährlichen Maisschädling in Afrika

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein gedrängter Überblick über die Lebens- und Schadensweise sowie Möglichkeiten der Bekämpfung des BostrichidenProstephanus truncatus gegeben, der nach seiner Einschleppung aus Mittelamerika in Afrika zu einem gefürchteten Maisschädling werde. Besonders zahlreich vermehrt er sich in belieschten Maiskolben, eine in ländlichen Regionen der Tropen häufig praktizierte Lagerform. Neuere Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, daß der Käfer die Kolben an der Pflanze schon vor der Einlagerung befällt.Die Verluste in Maislägern mitP. truncatus-Befall liegen durchschnittlich 4fach über dem sonst üblichen Niveau. Schätzungen ergaben, daß eine landesweite Ausbreitung des Schädlings in Kenia, das durch seine direkte Nachbarschaft mit dem außerordentlich stark betroffenen Tansania potentiell gefährdet ist, zu einem Ernteverlust von mindestens DM 33 Mio. pro Jahr führen würde. Dieser Ausfall müßte durch entsprechend hohe Importe ausgeglichen werden.Zur Bekämpfung des Schädlings sind chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe und Phosphorsäureester ungeeignet. Pyrethroide wirken zum Teil sehr gut, sie sind aber für andere im Mais vorkommende Vorratsschädlinge nicht toxisch.Der Einsatz von Gegenspielern hatte bislang nur wenig Erfolg. Weder mit Prädatoren und Parasitoiden, noch mit Mikroorganismen und Protozoen konnten Erfolge bei der Populationsregulierung des Schädlings erzielt werden. Ob ein aus Mittelamerika eingeführter StutzkäferTeretriosoma nigrescens (Lewis) als Prädator auch in Afrika eingesetzt werden kann, ist zu prüfen. Auch Holzasche, mit der gegen andere Vorratsschädlinge eine recht gute Wirkung erzielt wurde, schützte den Lagermais nicht genügend gegenP. truncatus-Befall. Pflanzenöle, die gegen viele Schadinsekten erfolgreich verwendet wurden, sind bisher beim Großen Kornbohrer nicht getestet worden.

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On the knowledge ofProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Col., Bostrichidae), a dangerous pest of maize in Africa

A view is given on the biology and distribution as well as on the chances of controlling the bostrichidProstephanus truncatus (Horn) in Africa. In the last decade this beetle has become one of the most important stored-product pests in the maize growing regions. It was imported from the tropical parts of middle America, where the larger corn borer caused little damage. At the beginning of the 70's the beetle appeared in West and East Africa with imported maize. Since that time it has expanded irresistibly through the whole area South of the Sahara. Apart from maize, which is its staple diet,P. truncatus destroys timber, leather and various artificial materials. Its reproduction is very high in corn cobs, which is the conventional form of storage in rural regions. Recent investigations reveal that the beetle attacks the cob on the plant before harvest has occurred.The losses in maize storages due toP. truncatus are four times higher than that experienced by all other forms of destructive pests. Estimations showed that a country-wide distribution of the pest in Kenya, originating from its badly affected neighbour Tanzania, cause a loss of harvest of at least DM 33 millions per year. This destruction must be balanced by correspondingly high imports.Chloride hydrocarbons and P-O-esters are unsuitable for pest control. Some pyrethroids are very effective, but are not toxie for the other stored-product pests also present in harvested corn.The use of opponents has proved unsuccessful. Neither predators and parasitoids nor microorganisms and protozoa have succeeded in regulation of the population. Whether the predatorTeretriosoma nigrescens (Lewis), imported from middle America, can be used as control organism in Africa, has yet to be proved. Wood ash which has shown good results obtained against other stored-product pests, did not protect stored corn sufficiently against the attack ofP. truncatus.Plant oils which were used successfully against other pests were not tested so far with the larger corn borer.

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Occurrence of microorganisms in the wood of Norway spruce trees from polluted sites

Bacteria, yeasts and other fungi were isolated from stem and root wood of Norway spruee trees with disease symptoms and were identified in order to evaluate a possible mierobial involvement in the widespread tree decline in Central Europe.     

Insektizidresistenz bei Dipteren

Zusammenfassung Einige grundsätzliche Probleme der Insektizidresistenz bei Dipteren scheinen heute geklärt zu sein. Vor allem besteht wohl kein Zweifel mehr, daß Insektizidresistenz ein genetisch verankertes Merkmal ist und daß das Insektizid bei der Entstehung einer Resistenz lediglich im Sinne eines positiven Auslesefaktors wirksam ist. Irgendwelche tatsächlich wirksamen und in der Praxis verwertbaren Möglichkeiten zur Verhütung einer Resistenzentwicklung oder ihrer erfolgreichen Bekämpfung bestehen bisher noch nicht. Der Praxis kann nur empfohlen werden, die Zahl der resistenten Individuen durch die Anwendung geeigneter Insektizidmischungen möglichst niedrig zu halten und somit der Ausbreitung der resistenten Populationen soweit wie möglich Einhalt zu bieten.

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Summary A few basic problems of resistance to insecticides in Diptera appear to be cleared. Above all there is no doubt that insecticide resistance is a genetically interrelated characteristic and that the insecticides in the origin of resistance act solely in the sense of a positive selection factor. Until now no really effective practical possibilities for the prevention of the development of resistance or its successful control do exist.In practice it can only be recommended to keep the number of resistant individuals low by employing proper insecticide mixtures and thus to check as far as possible the spread of resistant populations.