Empirical Explorations of SYNCHEM

During the past several years, a substantial body of experience has accumulated in the use of SYNCHEM, a large-scale program which is able to discover synthesis routes for relatively complex organic structures without on-line guidance on the part of its chemist user. These results indicate that the approach to computer-directed organic synthesis route discovery embodied in the program has been valid and reasonable, and that SYNCHEM is likely to be fruitful from the point of view of its intended users as well as for our research objectives in artificial intelligence. The experiments have revealed a number of insufficiencies in the program as well. Most of these are rectified in SYNCHEM2, a revised version of the program which includes, among other improvements, a more highly developed synthesis search algorithm and the routine consideration of stereochemistry.     

紫茎泽兰精油各馏份对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性

用紫茎泽兰精油的２０℃￣１５０℃,１５０℃￣２００℃,２００℃￣２３０℃,２３０℃￣３００℃和３００℃以上馏份,分别以４４．４４ｍｇ／Ｌ的熏蒸浓度处理米像、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象,结果表明,在５个馏份中,以１５０℃￣２００℃馏份的杀虫活性最高,其次是２０℃￣１５０℃和２２０℃￣２３０℃馏份,而３００℃以上馏份的杀虫活性最低。进一步的生测结果表明,１５０℃￣２００℃馏份对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象     

Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules

A smectic liquid-crystal phase made from achiral molecules with bent cores was found to have fluid layers that exhibit two spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities: polar molecular orientational ordering about the layer normal and molecular tilt. These instabilities combine to form a chiral layer structure with a handedness that depends on the sign of the tilt. The bulk states are either antiferroelectric-racemic, with the layer polar direction and handedness alternating in sign from layer to layer, or antiferroelectric-chiral, which is of uniform layer handedness. Both states exhibit an electric field-induced transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric.     

Sex pheromone specificity and taxonomy of budworm moths (Choristoneura)

Of six closely related species of budworm moths, three share the same or similar sex pheromones. Two of the others share another sex pheromone, but are geographically isolated. The sixth species, which is the most morphologically distinct, shows only slight affinity to the others.     

Sonic hedgehog control of size and shape in midbrain pattern formation

Little is known about how patterns of cell types are organized to form brain structures of appropriate size and shape. To study this process, we employed in vivo electroporation during midbrain development to create ectopic sources of Sonic Hedgehog, a signaling molecule previously shown to specify different neuronal cell types in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. We provide direct evidence that a Sonic Hedgehog source can control pattern at a distance in brain development and demonstrate that the size, shape, and orientation of the cell populations produced depend on the geometry of the morphogen source. Thus, a single regulatory molecule can coordinate tissue size and shape with cell-type identity in brain development.     

早熟马铃薯早大白施用钾肥增产效果研究

增施钾肥是早熟马铃薯一项重要的增产作措施 , 试验结果表明 , 早熟马铃薯早大白施氧化钾90kg·hm-2增产效果显著,较对照增产13 552.5kg·hm-2,增产率57.9%;大中薯率较对照提高16.5个百分点.     

寒地水稻不同育秧方式及不同播量对秧苗素质的影响

针对寒地稻作区特殊的气候条件、品种特性,机插中苗、手插中苗、钵育中苗面积越来越大,通过不同播量设计,分析不同播量对秧苗素质的影响,确定了播量与占地面积、茎基宽、充实度、根量呈指数变化,播量与叶龄呈直线负相关,从而确定了不同中苗的适宜播量。