Coating superfine down powder on polypropylene for the production of dyeable fibers

To develop dyeable isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers, superfine down powder (SDP) was coated on the surface of iPP fibers post melt-spinning. Optical micrographs showed that the surface of powder-coated iPP fibers was roughness, and the amount and dispersion of coated SDP were found entirely dependent on melt-spinning temperature. With the increase in coated SDP content, the moisture and water absorption of powder-coated iPP fibers increased. Powder-coated iPP fibers could be, respectively, dyed by reactive red dye and acid red dye, and the observed enhancement of color strength (K/S) and red value (a*) of powder-coated iPP fibers could be attributed to SDP coated on iPP fibers. It was worth noting that the removal of coated SDP affected the wet-washing fastness of powder-coated iPP fibers largely. In addition, the powder-coated iPP fibers were produced in a few minutes with lower cost and could have potential applications in textile industry.     

茶树蛋白质双向电泳样品制备技术研究

为探索一种适用于茶树蛋白质双向电泳的样品制备方法,研究比较了TCA/丙酮沉淀法、改良的Tris-HCl抽提法,以及酚-甲醇/醋酸铵沉淀法3种植物蛋白质样品制备方法。结果表明,改良的Tris-HCl抽提法较适合于茶树蛋白质双向电泳的样品制备。该改良方法制备的茶树蛋白质样品经双向电泳分离,可获得1117±9.89个蛋白质点,其中大部分蛋白质的等电点集中在pI5~7之间,相对分子质量集中在15.00~95.00kD之间,背景清晰且蛋白质得率较高,能满足茶树蛋白质组学研究的需要。     

沸石复混肥对油菜苗期养分吸收、产量及土壤性状的影响

在盆栽条件下,比较了不同沸石含量的沸石复混肥对盆栽油菜苗期不同阶段N、P、K养分吸收量,油菜籽产量及土壤性状的影响.结果表明:沸石复混肥处理与对照复混肥比较,在苗期的前2个月,油菜吸收的N、P、K均为前者大于后者,而在第3个月开始,为后者大于前者.从整个苗期来看,相比复混肥对照,沸石复混肥处理的油菜N、P、K养分吸收量均有所下降,其中磷吸收量随沸石复混肥中沸石比例的增大而明显下降.沸石能减轻土壤酸化程度,提高土壤pH值,降低EXC-Mn.沸石在复混肥中的比例以10%～15%的含量较为合适,相比对照复混肥,增产可达9.7%.     

中国水稻白叶枯病菌小种C8菌株无毒基因的分离及功能鉴别

 白叶枯病菌与水稻间的互作符合基因对基因模式,不同小种中存在特异的avrBs3/pthA家族基因。对中国水稻白叶枯病菌小种C8菌株基因组DNA进行BamHⅠ酶切和Southern杂交,发现了其特有的约6.0 kb大小、含avrBs3/pthA家族基因的信号条带。经文库筛选、Southern杂交和限制性酶切分析,获得了C8小种avr/pthC8a基因。将该基因导入菲律宾小种6 的代表菌株PXO99A中,发现avr/pthC8a可使PXO99A丧失对水稻品种Asominori（携有成株期抗性基因Xa17）的毒性,暗示avr/pthC8a可能是与Xa17相应的无毒基因。序列分析发现,avr/pthC8a基因大小为3816 bp,编码1272个氨基酸,由102 bp编码的34个氨基酸重复单元在基因内的重复数为20.5个,其3′端的BamHⅠ酶切位点由GGATCC突变为AGATCC,其他特征均与avrBs3/pthA家族的成员相似,即C端存在1个亮氨酸拉链、3个核定位信号和1个酸性转录激活域。avr/pthC8a基因3′端的BamHⅠ酶切位点发生突变在avrBs3/pthA家族基因中鲜有报道。中国C8小种avr/pthC8a基因的发掘,为进一步了解水稻黄单胞菌毒性变异以及avrBs3/pthA家族基因的进化提供了理论依据。     

砷胁迫下磷用量对不同磷效率水稻苗生长、磷和砷吸收的影响

 通过盆栽试验研究了苗期砷胁迫下磷用量对磷高效水稻99011和磷低效水稻99056生长以及对P、As吸收的影响。试验设3个磷水平（0、30、150 mg/kg）和5个砷水平（0、25、50、100、200 mg/kg）。结果表明,苗期施砷显著增加了两个水稻品种地上部及地下部砷的含量,降低了两个水稻品种的株高、分蘖数、地上部及地下部干质量;施磷不但促进了两个水稻品种的生长,而且还增加了根系对砷的吸收量。当土壤砷浓度为25 mg/kg和50 mg/kg时,施用30 mg/kg磷抑制了两个水稻品种砷向地上部的转移,但施用150 mg/kg磷却促进了砷向地上部的转移。相同的处理,磷高效水稻99011地上部干质量和根干质量均显著高于磷低效水稻99056。施砷后,在30 mg/kg磷水平上磷低效水稻99056的砷转移系数最低。     

部分国内外小麦种质资源对燕麦孢囊线虫的抗病性

燕麦孢囊线虫是小麦生产上的重要病原线虫。为筛选抗燕麦孢囊线虫的小麦种质资源,采用室内接种方法测试了104个国外小麦品种（系）和37个国内小麦品种对燕麦孢囊线虫的抗病性,并利用不同抗性评价标准在自然病田对37个国内小麦品种的抗病性进行了评价。室内接种试验表明,104份国外小麦品种（系）中有高抗品种（系）14个,中抗品种（系）12个,中感品种（系）27个,其他均属高感,37个国内参试品种均属感病品种。自然病田鉴定结果表明,采用不同的评价标准对37个国内品种的评价结果具有较大差异。依据Andersen等的评价标准,37个小麦品种中有7个品种表现感病,30个品种表现抗病,与室内接种测试结果差异较大;依据Ireholm的标准,仅良星66表现抗病,其他品种均表现感病,与室内测试结果接近;依据Soriano等的标准,37个品种均表现感病,与室内测试结果相同。建议在筛选抗孢囊线虫小麦资源时首先采用Andersen等的标准进行初筛,然后利用Soriano等的标准进行田间评价。     

湘西植烟土壤有效铁含量及变化规律研究

为探明湘西州植烟土壤有效铁含量的分布状况,检测了湘西州主要烟区488个土壤样本的有效铁含量,并采用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了湘西州植烟土壤有效铁含量适宜样本分布、县域差异、土壤类型差异、海拔高度差异及空间分布。结果表明：①湘西州植烟土壤有效铁含量总体水平高,平均值83.20 mg/kg,变幅10.04～328.89 mg/kg,变异系数82.31%。②不同县之间的植烟土壤有效铁含量差异不显著,从大到小依次为：泸溪县、凤凰县、花垣县、古丈县、永顺县、龙山县、保靖县。③不同土壤类型土壤有效铁含量差异极显著,从高到低依次为：红灰土、石灰土、红壤、黄壤、水稻土、黄棕壤。④不同海拔高度的植烟土壤有效铁含量差异不显著,5个海拔高度组的植烟土壤有效铁含量平均为62.00～192.00 mg/kg。⑤植烟土壤有效铁含量Kriging插值图显示,湘西州植烟土壤有效铁含量总体上呈斑块状分布态势,以有效铁含量89.9～184.0 mg/kg为主要分布面积,主要分布在湘西州的南部和北部地区。     

拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的解淀粉芽孢杆菌LX1菌株的鉴定及其抗菌蛋白基因的克隆

收集海南不同盐碱地的土样进行拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的微生物分离,对具有较强抑菌作用的菌株进行形态特征、生理生化和分子鉴定,并克隆其抗菌蛋白基因.结果分离到1株具有较强抑制香蕉枯萎病菌能力的细菌LXl,经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).抑菌实验发现LX1菌株的发酵上清液中粗蛋白有一定的抑菌作用,经过Sephacryl S-200HR柱层析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析分离纯化了其中抑菌作用最强的抗菌蛋白.质谱鉴定结果表明,抗菌蛋白与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42内切葡聚糖酶同源性最高.根据质谱结果克隆了该抗菌蛋白的编码基因,该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42的内切葡聚糖酶的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别达99％和100％.拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的芽孢杆菌LX1可作为潜在的防治香蕉枯萎病的的生防制剂,其抗菌蛋白基因也可通过遗传工程应用于香蕉枯萎病的防治.     

一种快速高效提取花生叶片DNA的简化方法

为获得适用于高通量测序的高质量花生叶片DNA,本方法取第三对真叶为实验材料,设计烧制圆球状枪头和离心管装置代替研钵研磨,并在CTAB法的基础上在杂质沉淀前快速分离DNA等简化方法提取DNA。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果表明DNA条带清晰、完整性高。经超微量分光光度计检测,DNA浓度范围在104～131ng/μL,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀为1.7～2.0,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₃₀大于2.0,说明杂质少,可获得高纯度,高浓度的DNA。此方法与常用的植物基因组DNA提取方法相比,具有成本低、时间短、质量高的优点,可用于基因组重测序、分子生物学技术以及分子标记筛选等后续研究,可提高花生分子育种与筛选工作效率。     

Seasonal changes in feed intake,diet digestibility and diet composition by lactating and non‐lactating goats browsing in a semi‐arid rangeland of Argentina

We determined the seasonal nutrient and secondary compound intake, in vivo diet digestibility (DD) and diet species composition of goats in different physiological states in a desert rangeland of Argentina. During the wet and the dry seasons, 24 mature female Creole goats (six non‐lactating, non‐pregnant and six lactating in each season) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diet botanical composition, DD and dry‐matter intake (DMI) were estimated by the combined use of visual observation, microhistological analyses of faecal samples and n‐alkane technique. Browse species dominated the goats’ diets (>80%) in both seasons and physiological states, with a twofold increase in the proportion of forbs during the wet season (p < 0.10). Lactating goats showed greater DMI than non‐lactating animals, and they also displayed greater intakes of some tanniferous (Mimosa ephedroides) and high‐protein (Atriplex lampa) shrubs (p < 0.10). Lactating and non‐lactating goats selected diets with adequate crude protein (CP) and fibre content but insufficient energy, although lactating goats tended to increase energy and tannin content in their diets (p < 0.20). Physiological state did not influence DD, but digestibility was greater (p < 0.10) in the wet season, attributed to the greater protein content and lower tannin content of the diet. These results have important implications for managerial interventions on traditional goat production systems in the study area aiming at enhancing goat nutrition and welfare, as well as the sustainability of rangeland resources in the region.