不同施氮量对水稻氮素吸收与分配的影响

运用15N示踪法研究了不同施氮量对两个品种水稻（4007和武运粳15）干物质积累量与其对15N吸收及分配的影响。结果表明,当施氮量超过N 150 kg/hm2时, 两个品种水稻子粒产量均不再显著增加。4007在4个施氮量下(N 100,150,200和 250 kg/hm2)分别比无氮区增产22.3%,36.9%,43.2%和38.1%;武运粳15分别增产10.6%,18.8%,27.1%和21.5%。同一施氮量下,4007子粒中15N累积量显著高于武运粳15,但茎叶和根中没有差异。增加施氮量降低了15N在水稻子粒中的分配比例,但提高了茎叶中15N的分配比例。15N在根中的分配比例不受施氮量和品种的影响。研究结果还表明,同一施氮量下,4007对肥料氮的总体利用率要比武运粳15高3～6个百分点。     

Effects of fragmentation on pollinator assemblage, pollen limitation and seed production of Mediterranean myrtle (Myrtus communis)

Pollinator assemblages may shift as a consequence of the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. The scarcity of mates and pollinators can lead plant populations to suffer from pollen limitation and a decrease in reproductive performance within fragmented areas. We studied the shift in pollinator assemblages along with pollen limitation and seed production patterns in the Mediterranean shrub Myrtus communis. Our study included six populations contrasting in patch and population size (Large vs. Small) within a fragmented landscape characterized by ∼1% of potential forest coverage. The breeding system in Myrtus communis was self-compatible, but compared with natural pollination, fruit set increased with pollen addition (quantity limited), and seed set (brood size) increased with outcross pollen addition (quality limited). While the pollinator assemblage in Large patches was taxonomically diverse, it was almost monopolized by honeybees in Small patches, where visitation rates were highest and wild bee species were almost absent. In general, Small populations were less pollen limited for fruit set than Large populations, particularly those that received the highest rates of honeybee visits. However, despite differences in fragmentation and pollinators between Large and Small populations, seed production patterns (brood size and seed mass) were rather similar among them, in agreement with similar pollen limitation levels found for brood size. A higher susceptibility of native pollinators to the presence of honeybee hives was found in Small patches, suggesting that the pollinator assemblage may be severely altered when fragmentation occurs in combination with beekeeping. We discuss its implications and effects on plant reproduction in fragmented areas.     

大鼠脊髓P物质对细胞免疫调节作用的研究

目的：观察大鼠脊髓Ｐ物质对细胞免疫水平的影响，方法：两组新生大鼠分别皮下注射辣椒素（ＣＡＰ）和Ｐ物质抗血清，成年大鼠则于脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射，用丝裂原激活的大鼠脾细胞方法测定了淋巴细胞的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平。结果：大鼠皮下及脊髓蛛网膜下腔各分别注射ＣＡＰ，Ｐ物质抗血清后，ＩＬ－２的水平较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生大鼠（皮下）与成年大鼠（蛛网膜下腔）注射ＣＡＰ或Ｐ物质抗血清垃     

秸秆和Eh对稻田土壤溶解性有机质组成及金属释放的影响

为探究秸秆添加对氧化还原条件变化下稻田土壤重金属释放的影响,本文选取典型重金属污染稻田土壤,通过微宇宙试验结合三维荧光光谱等手段,分析了土壤溶液化学性质、溶解性有机质（DOM）、金属释放之间的动态关系。结果表明：添加秸秆增加了厌氧期Fe、Mn、As、Cd等金属的释放,同时影响了DOM组成。土壤DOM中类蛋白（C3）含量在培养期总体降低（P<0.05）;类腐殖质含量呈现厌氧期上升、好氧期下降的趋势。结构方程模型（SEM）分析显示,Eh的变化与Mn和As的溶出显著负相关（路径系数分别为-0.662和-0.528,P<0.01）,同时,Eh还通过影响土壤类腐植酸C2（路径系数-0.816,P<0.01）控制As的释放（路径系数0.244,P<0.05）。因此,稻田土壤干湿交替造成的Eh变化和秸秆还田措施不仅可直接影响重金属的溶出,也可通过DOM含量和组成进一步控制其释放。     

用菌糠生产发酵饲料的研究

菌糠是栽种食用菌后的基质,含有较多的粗蛋白(约为8.38%)、粗纤维(22.9%)及多种维生素和游离氨基酸.但大多数菇农都把菌糠视为废料而抛掉,不仅造成了资源浪费,而且还污染了环境.     

cry Ia基因小麦高效表达载体的构建

利用在禾谷类作物中表达效率较高的启动子Ubi对含目的基因cryIa的现有载体进行了改造,并引入了筛选标记基因bar,为提高目的基因的表达水平,还在目的基因5′端引入了Ω和Kozak序列,3′端引入了poly(A)序列。成功构建了适用于小麦的抗虫基因植物表达载体pGU4ABBar,该载体含有顺向连接的Ubi-cryIa及Ubi-bar基因表达盒,可用于基因枪、花粉管通道法等介导的小麦遗传转化,人工合成的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白基因cryIa可以编码对鳞翅目昆虫具有毒杀作用的蛋白。     

广西北部湾生态安全屏障保护与建设

分析了北部湾生态屏障现存问题,提出对北部湾自然生态系统进行保护建设,对生境退化区、水源涵养区、水土保持区和防风固沙区等进行人工生态系统建设,对北部湾生态系统健康进行保障建设,以期构建一个人工和自然生态系统相结合的多层次的北部湾生态系统,并确保其长期健康、稳定和持续地发挥生态屏障作用,保障北部湾及其周边地区的生态安全。     

马铃薯新品种同薯30号的选育

同薯30号是以Adgna为母本,以K 316-3为父本,通过有性杂交获得实生籽,经过系统定向选育而成的马铃薯新品种。该品种为晚熟品种,生育期110d左右。薯块圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼深浅中等,薯块休眠期中等。块茎干物质含量21.6%,淀粉含量15.1%,维生素C含量16.1mg/100g(FW),粗蛋白含量2.24%,还原糖含量0.21%,商品薯重率为72.5%。2015—2016年参加山西省中晚熟马铃薯组品种区域试验,2年平均产量2 214.69kg/667m^2,比对照晋薯16号增产17.74%,2017年进行了新品种登记。