Effects of soybean meal supplementation on ruminal kinetics of feed particle size reduction and passage in dairy cows fed rice straw

Six ruminal-cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.     

三河小流域综合治理措施与成效

三河小流域在中亚热带沿海低山丘陵区具有代表性.本文就该流域综合治理规划,水土保持防护体系建立,河道与农田工程的建设和利用等方面的做法和经验进行了深入总结与效益分析评价.并针对存在问题提出了:治管结合,河道与治田工程结合,水保林与经济林结合等管理建议.     

花椰菜花叶病毒（CaMV）35S启动子在转基因棉花中的表达

利用GUS作为报告基因，通过GUS组织化学定位法检测棉花转化愈伤组织、体细胞胚，R0代棉花根、茎、叶、花器官以及正在发育的胚GUS基因表达情况，详细阐述了CaMV 35S启动子在棉花细胞中的表达轮廓。结果表明，在愈伤组织细胞有丝分裂和增殖过程中GUS基因能稳定表达并遗传给后代细胞；在根、茎、叶细胞中检测到GUS表达活性。在     

Ovum pick-up and in vitro maturation in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca—Linnaeus, 1766)

We tested FSHp, eCG and FSHp + eCG to establish ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro maturation method in spotted paca. Eight healthy adult females were subjected to each of four treatments to stimulate ovarian follicular growth. All females were subjected to a hormonal protocol using a single dose of 45 mg of injectable progesterone and single intramuscular injection of 0.075 mg d-cloprostenol on day 6. Ovarian stimulation was carried out as follows: in Group TFE (FSHp and eCG), animals were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp and 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after the application of progesterone; in Group TF (FSHp), they were treated with a single dose of 80 mg of FSHp intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; in Group treatment eCG, they were treated with 200 IU of eCG intramuscularly on day 6 after application of progesterone; and in Group TC (saline solution), 1 ml of saline solution was administered to control does. The OPU was performed between 22 and 26 hr after gonadotropin treatments. All recovered oocytes were placed into maturation media and incubated for 24 hr. There were no differences among the mean number of observed follicles, aspirated follicles and oocytes recovered per treatment. Oocyte maturation rates did not differ among groups, except, TF and treatment eCG oocytes had greater maturation rates than TC oocytes. In this study, gonadotropin administration failed to superovulate treated does and increase oocyte retrieval efficiency. Despite the feasibility of the procedure, further studies are needed to develop and refine hormonal protocols for oocyte recovery and in vitro maturation in this species.     

母牛吊球病的诊断与防制

近年来随着养牛业的不断发展,饲养方式发生了深刻的变革,从传统的放牧为主转变为现代的舍饲为主,同时在饲养过程中也出现了一些新问题,如母牛吊球病日益增加,呈逐年上升趋势。经调查126户,饲养538头母牛,发病151头,发病率达28.07%,给养牛业造成很大经济损失。通过采取了综合防制措施取得了良好效果。对母牛吊球病的诊断和防制进行报告,以便为兽医临床及生产中对该病的诊断和防制提供参考。     

重庆市北碚区耕地面积变化及其驱动力分析

利用重庆市北碚区2000—2012年的耕地面积和社会经济统计数据,分析其耕地资源的数量变化特征,采用主成分分析法定量分析了影响耕地面积变化的驱动因素,揭示了耕地面积变化的驱动机制。结果表明,北碚区耕地面积与人均耕地面积均呈现快速减少—缓慢减少的阶段变化特征;经济发展、农业发展因素、城市化水平和交通因素是影响北碚区耕地面积变化的四大主要驱动因子;可以从减少建设占用耕地、加强土地开发整理、加强高标准基本农田建设等方面达到保护耕地的目的。     

普通小麦核心种质抽样方法的比较

利用穗部、病害、农艺和品质的14个性状，比较了5种不同抽样方法所形成样品的性状多样性指数、性状类别分布和优良类别的频率与基础种质总体的差异。结果表明，来源地－性状类别法有利于小麦核心种质遗传多样性的增加，来源地百分比例法较好地代表了小麦性状类别的分布，来源地平方根法和来源地对数比例法则较明显地增加了优良类别的频率。研究还表明运用来源地和性状进行分层的抽样效果好于完全随机法。     

Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine and related compounds in various brain regions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The levels of tryptophan (Try), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in the brain regions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). Brain tryptophan concentrations varied from 3.972 ± 357 ng/g cerebellum) to 8.841 ± 772 ng/g (hypothalamus). The 5-HT concentrations varied from 69 ± 7 ng/g (optic tectum) to 573 ± 34 ng/g (hypothalamus). The concentrations of 5-HIAA varied from 29 ± 3 ng/g (medulla oblongata) to 68 ± 7 ng/g (hypothalamus). Total and free serum tryptophan levels were also determined; in adult rainbow trout 92% of the serum tryptophan was observed to be free i.e., not protein-bound.     

Growth patterns from different forest generations of Scots pine in Estonia

There is strong evidence that climate change alters tree growth in boreal forests. In Estonia, the analysis of ring measurements has been a common method to study growth changes. In this study, annual height growth data from dominant or co-dominant Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were used to develop a growth model for three forest generations. Stem analysis was applied and annual height growth was measured as the distance between whorls, as detected by branch knots of whorls on the split stem surface. Retrospective analysis of height growth produced comparative trends for three different age groups. Statistical analyses were used to estimate the impact of different factors on growth. Annual height growth was considered the best indicator for detecting possible trends in the growth potential of trees. Study results indicate that three generations (separated by time periods of 30–40 years) showed significant differences in growth patterns caused by shifts in climatic factors and management regimes (anthropogenic and natural disturbances).